Features of agricultural extension models and policy in selected sub - Saharan Africa countries

Abstract

This paper reviews the features of agricultural extension models and policy in selected sub- Saharan Africa countries. This is based on the premise that the discussion of extension policy in SSA countries can not be isolated from the extension models that are applied in these countries. While the models are direct products of the type of policy that has been adopted, the policy dictates the models to be used in each country. A major problem of organizing agricultural extension in developing countries is the absence of a legal and policy framework for providing the service. Putting in place a legal and policy framework is one basic new and indispensable way of conducting extension in the developing countries. It will help streamline the confusion currently existing in the effort to transfer agricultural knowledge to farmers, particularly in the areas of service provision, programme development and funding. In literature, the present forms of extension policy are Provisional Extension Policies, decrees and proclamation and legislated extension policies. Factors driving extension policy are population, natural resources and environment. Increasing population will demand more resources from extension in forms of skills, training, diversification of livelihoods and pressure on natural resources. The paper recommends that SSA countries adopt the legislated extension policies option for the improvement extension service delivery and reduce the contradictions in extension models.