Abstract
The photovoltaics (PV) based microgrids play important role in the development of green buildings. This work investigates the effects of emission policy on the PV integrated commercial and residential building microgrids. The component sizes of microgrid are determined by simulated optimal power dispatch with an optimization algorithm based on minimizing the cost of energy (COE). The COE is computed with consideration of the capital depreciation cost, fuel cost, emissions damage cost and maintenance cost. The simulation results show that the emission policy and photovoltaic subsidy have little effect on sizing the commercial microgrid system. However, the component sizing design for residential microgrid system is sensitive to the emission policy. Increasing emission taxes and photovoltaic subsidy can effectively raise the proportion of PV in the system. The most important factor of restricting PV usage in microgrids is the cost of batteries. Increasing the battery lifetime or selecting the lower cost of battery can significantly increase the installation of PV, thus rise the green building standard.
Highlights
Due to the global concern over carbon emissions from conventional power generation sources [1], many countries are enhancing deployment of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions [2]
The computation results show that the lowest cost of energy (COE) for the commercial and residential building microgrids are 0.6982¥/kWh and 0.5459 ¥/kWh, respectively
It can be seen that the emission cost has little effect on the overall COE of commercial building microgrid
Summary
Due to the global concern over carbon emissions from conventional power generation sources [1], many countries are enhancing deployment of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions [2]. As one of the cleanest, most practicable, most promising power generation system, photovoltaics (PV) systems have become cheaper and more efficient nowadays. It is integrated into the buildings, such as the solar roofing shingles, solar side-cladding, and even solarpowered glass windows. The power flow intensity has significant effect on the capital depreciation cost of components (e.g. batteries). The reference [22] presented a new economic model with consideration of battery capital depreciation cost in the COE evaluation. This work investigates the effects of the emission policies on the integrated PV commercial and residential building microgrids using the approach of references [17, 22]
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