Abstract
Due to the growing shortage of fresh water resources worldwide, it is necessary to explore the feasibility of using seawater to produce concrete. However, the passivation and pitting corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel will inevitably be impaired by the chlorides contained in seawater. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a corrosion-resistant steel that could be employed in seawater-mixed concrete. One option being considered is using duplex stainless steel (DSS). To evaluate the feasibility of application in seawater-mixed concrete, the passive films of 2304 DSS were both generated by cyclic voltammetry and naturally formed in alkaline solutions with and without admixed chlorides, which was further compared with those of the conventional low-carbon steel (HRB400E steel). Unlike 2304 DSS, HRB400E steel failed to be passivated with admixed chlorides. Furthermore, the passive film of 2304 DSS was investigated by EIS, AFM and XPS measurements. Although the passivation ability was slightly reduced by admixed chlorides, and the morphology and composition of passive film were also modified, the high pitting corrosion resistance of 2304 DSS guaranteed its application in seawater-mixed concrete.
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