Abstract
This paper presents the feasibility study and optimal design of different stand-alone and grid-connected renewable energy systems (RES) to supply power for a dairy factory in Tehran, Iran. To achieve an optimal system, different technical, economical, and environmental factors including net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), renewable fraction (RF), and greenhouse gases emission (GHGE) are considered in the design process. An optimal system is a system that supplies the load with specified constraints, while having the least NPC, COE, and GHGE. Modeling, simulation, and analysis of power supply systems are implemented in Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER). Due to the current low price of energy and subsidies in Iran, the best choice for the energy supply is the utilization of the external grid. Despite the laws related to the exchange of RES-produced electricity in Iran, no laws are legislated to deal with the environmental issues especially the GHGE. However, as the environmental protection laws are to be passed in the near future, we assumed typical values for the sellback rate and emission penalties and investigated the effect of these two parameters on NPC, COE, RF, and GHGE. In this paper, a systematic approach to select an optimal power supply system by effective utilization of dedicated optimization software like HOMER is presented. The simulations showed that when considering both the increase in the energy cost and suitable penalties for GHGE, the grid-connected RES was the optimum configuration for the energy supply. In general, if environmental protection laws take effect in developing countries, the grid-connected RES shows its great potential as an economic and pollution-free supply of energy.
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