Abstract
Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) Fe3O4@C composite with hollow porous structure is prepared by simple solution method and calcination treatment with biomass waste rape pollen (RP) as a carbon source, which is served as an anode of Li-ion capacitor (LIC). The 3D interconnected porous structure and conductive networks facilitate the transfer of ion/electron and accommodate the volume changes of Fe3O4 during the electrochemical reaction process, which leads to the excellent performance of the Fe3O4@C composite electrode. The electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the hybrid LIC fabricated with Fe3O4@C as the anode and activated carbon (AC) as the cathode can operate at a voltage of 4.0 V and exhibit a high energy density of 140.6 Wh kg−1 at 200 W kg−1 (52.8 Wh kg−1 at 10 kW kg−1), along with excellent cycling stability, with a capacity retention of 83.3% over 6000 cycles. Hence, these encouraging results indicate that Fe3O4@C has great potential in developing advanced LICs electrode materials for the next generation of energy storage systems.
Highlights
As the limited resources of crude oil and deteriorating ecological environment, especially the greenhouse effect and discharge of poisonous substances, it is urgent to explore and develop a green source of sustainable energy [1,2]
The black rape pollen (RP)-derived carbon was further treated with HNO3 to make its surface negatively charged, which is in favor of ferric ion (Fe3+ ) adsorption
Fe3 was adsorbed onto porous carbon and gradually changed into FeOOH particles via a chemical bath deposition method, followed by an annealing process in nitrogen; the 3D porous Fe3 O4 @C was achieved
Summary
As the limited resources of crude oil and deteriorating ecological environment, especially the greenhouse effect and discharge of poisonous substances, it is urgent to explore and develop a green source of sustainable energy [1,2]. Supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have increasingly become a study focus regarding electrochemical energy storage systems in recent decades [3]. None of these stand-alone technologies, can meet today’s commercial demands for both energy and power [4,5,6]. The serious bottleneck problem restricting the application of LICs is the imbalanced kinetics that occurs on the cathode and anode [10,11,12,13] With this in mind, the fabrication of electrode materials with excellent electrochemical properties is an effective approach to ameliorate this issue [12,14]. Fe3 O4 @C composite as anode and activated carbon (AC) as cathode achieves a high energy density of 140.6 Wh kg−1 at 200 W kg−1 , and 52.8 Wh kg−1 even at an ultrahigh power density of 10 kW kg−1
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