Abstract
Paper deals with numerical simulations of a direct wall shear box test in conditions of plane strain. The behaviour of dry sand during shearing along a very rough wall is numerically modelled with a finite element method using a hypoplastic constitutive relation within a polar (Cosserat) continuum. The constitutive relation is obtained through extension by polar quantities, viz. rotations, curvatures and couple stresses, using the mean grain diameter as a characteristic length. It is characterised by simplicity and a very wide range of applications. The material constants can be found by means of standard element tests and simple index tests. They are correlated with grain properties. The FE-calculations investigate the influence of the initial void ratio, layer height and mean grain diameter on the shear resistance. The attention is laid on the effect of boundary conditions on the shear zone thickness. The FE-results are compared both with corresponding experimental results of laboratory model tests carried out with a parallel-guided direct shear box.
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