Abstract
To achieve comprehensive insulation deterioration monitoring of power equipment and fault early warning in air-insulated substations, the detection and localisation of partial discharge (PD) using ultra-high frequency (UHF) antennas were widely studied. The existing UHF PD localisation system is mainly based on time-difference of electromagnetic wave signal, which requires very high time synchronisation accuracy and sampling rate. This study proposes a received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based angle of arrival (AoA) method using the monopole UHF wireless sensor array. Multiple antennas are evenly placed in a circle frame and form an antenna array. Then an AoA estimation scheme is derived from the radiation pattern of designed UHF antenna. RSSI difference data, interpolation, and clustering are applied to improve the AoA resolution. A field test is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PD localisation system. The results show that the estimated error on average is below 3.5°. Compared to the time-difference-based method, the accuracy of the designed system is more feasible for practical application of fault early warning considering its significant low-cost feature.
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