Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary type of brain cancer with high proliferation and metastasis rates due to involvement of the microglial cell. It is resistant against available chemotherapy. Many strategic protocols have been developed but prognosis and patient life has not improved substantially. In this study, the anti-metastatic and antioxidant effect of fatty acids from Clerodendrum volubile leaves were investigated in U87-MG (Human Glioblastoma Multiforme) cell lines. The extracted fatty acids were incubated with U87-MG cells for 48 h. The anti-proliferative effect was determined by MTT assay, while apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed with BD FACSCalibur. The transwell assay protocol was utilized in the analysis of cell migration and invasion. The treated cell lines were also assessed for reduced glutathione (GSH) level, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation. The fatty acid extract showed significant inhibitory activity on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, mitigated oxidative stress, and suppressed migration and invasion in U-87 MG cell lines. These results give credence to the therapeutic potential of this plant against cancer, especially GBM.
Highlights
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor common amongst the young kids with range of age < 13 years, characterized by high rates of proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy protocols (Brada et al, 2001; Puli et al, 2006; MarkiewiczZukowska et al, 2013)
Molecular studies are required to prove the proclaimed medicinal uses of the extract of C. volubile leaves. This present study aims to report the anti-proliferative, antioxidative, and anti-migratory and/or anti-metastatic activity of the fatty acid rich extracts from leaves of C. volubile on U87-MG cancer cells
A dose-dependent cytotoxic activity of the fatty acid extract was observed in U87-MG cell lines with an IC50 of ∼120 μg/mL as shown in Figure 1, indicating a potent anti-proliferative effect
Summary
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor common amongst the young kids with range of age < 13 years, characterized by high rates of proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy protocols (Brada et al, 2001; Puli et al, 2006; MarkiewiczZukowska et al, 2013). These therapeutic failures represent a great difficulty in its treatment and management, leading to short survival rate, and loss of patient’s life quality (Puli et al, 2006). Ketogenic diet characterized by high-saturated fats and low protein/carbohydrate, has proven to be effective during therapy and potent adjuvant management of malignancies in almost all types of cancers (Woolf and Scheck, 2015). Antal et al (2014) reported increased sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to radiotherapy after treatment with arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and γ-linolenic acid
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