Fatigue Analysis of Polyester Composite Plate Reinforced with Carbon Fiber and Nano Silicon Dioxide

The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of silicon dioxide (E 551) when used as a food additive. The forms of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) used as E 551 include fumed silica and hydrated silica (precipitated silica, silica gel and hydrous silica). The Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) ‘not specified’ for silicon dioxide and silicates. SAS materials used in the available biological and toxicological studies were different in their physicochemical properties; their characteristics were not always described in sufficient detail. Silicon dioxide appears to be poorly absorbed. However, silicon‐containing material (in some cases presumed to be silicon dioxide) was found in some tissues. Despite the limitations in the subchronic, reproductive and developmental toxicological studies, including studies with nano silicon dioxide, there was no indication of adverse effects. E 551 does not raise a concern with respect to genotoxicity. In the absence of a long‐term study with nano silicon dioxide, the Panel could not extrapolate the results from the available chronic study with a material, which does not cover the full‐size range of the nanoparticles that could be present in the food additive E 551, to a material complying with the current specifications for E 551. These specifications do not exclude the presence of nanoparticles. The highest exposure estimates were at least one order of magnitude lower than the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) identified (the highest doses tested). The Panel concluded that the EU specifications are insufficient to adequately characterise the food additive E 551. Clear characterisation of particle size distribution is required. Based on the available database, there was no indication for toxicity of E 551 at the reported uses and use levels. Because of the limitations in the available database, the Panel was unable to confirm the current ADI ‘not specified’. The Panel recommended some modifications of the EU specifications for E 551.

Fluorescent nanoblocks of lanthanide complexes on nano silicon dioxide and carbon nanotube donors with ligand–antenna integration (ALI) structure

ABSTRACTThis paper focused on predicting the performance of asphalt mixes modified with nano-montmorillonite (NMMT) and nano silicon dioxide (NSD) using the Quality-Related Specifications Software (QRSS), which is a simplification to the Pavement ME Design. The nanomaterials were thoroughly mixed with the binder at a temperature of 145 ± 5°C. The conventional and the rheological properties were determined for the penetration grade 60–70 control binder as well as binders modified by 3, 5 and 7% of NMMT and NSD by the weight of asphalt. The optimum nanomaterial content was found for each modifier and was then used for preparing asphalt mixtures by the conventional Marshall method. Finally, Witczak 1-40D complex shear modulus (G*) based predictive model was used to estimate the dynamic modulus (E*) for the control and nanomodified asphalt mixtures. The field performance in terms of asphalt concrete (AC) layer rutting and fatigue cracking was predicted using the QRSS software for two typical pavement sections and three different climatic locations in Egypt (Alexandria, Cairo and Aswan). The simulation runs revealed that both nanomodified asphalt mixtures exhibited superior pavement performance in terms of AC rutting compared to the control mix without a significant effect on fatigue life.

ABSTRACTThis research investigated the combined effect of nano‐silicon dioxide (NSD) and steel fibers (SF) on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams. Eight specimens were tested: four without SF and four with SF, with varying NSD percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) replacing cement. The study examined the mechanical properties of concrete and structural behavior outputs, including load‐deflection, ductility, and damage patterns. Results indicate that NSD significantly enhances compressive strength, with increases of 8.7%, 25.2%, and 32.5% for 1%, 2%, and 3% NSD, respectively. Combined with SF, there are additional improvements in tensile and flexural strengths, leading to higher load capacity and reduced deflection. Beams with 1% steel fibers showed a 30% higher load capacity compared with those without fibers. The ACI code was found to underestimate the load capacity of beams with NSD and SF, indicating the need for updated equations. While NSD increased concrete brittleness, SF enhanced ductility and energy absorption. Future research should focus on optimizing NSD and SF dosages, studying long‐term durability, and validating findings through large‐scale tests.

Improved carbon fibers dispersion in geopolymer composites

New diesel-neem biodiesel blend (D75NB25) containing nano iron oxide, silicon dioxide and zinc oxide for diesel engine: An experimental investigation

Application of either nano fibrillated cellulose methotrexate or nano silicon dioxide methotrexate composites against renal fibrosis in leukemia rat model

Nano silicon dioxide–wood fiber–high-density polyethylene composites were prepared to investigate the effects of nano silicon dioxide content (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt%) on the relationship between flammability and mechanical properties of the wood fiber–high-density polyethylene composites in this study. Cone calorimentry analysis showed that the addition of nano silicon dioxide could decrease the heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release of the wood fiber–high-density polyethylene composites. Most of the decrease of the heat release rate occurred with 8 wt% nano silicon dioxide. With addition of nano silicon dioxide, the composites showed an increase in the mechanical properties, and the tensile and flexural strength showed highest value with 8 wt% nano SiO2. The scanning electron microscopy observation on the fracture surface of the composites indicated that nano silicon dioxide had a uniform dispersion in the wood fiber–high-density polyethylene composites with increasing nano SiO2 from 2 to 8 wt%. The better mechanical characteristics had a positive effect on the fire retardancy of the composites.

Nanotechnology is extensively used in textile industries because it confers unique properties on fabrics.In this study, using nano silicon dioxide (SiO2)-coated nylon fabrics have created a lot of awareness appropriate to improve their functional properties. Using deferent con-struction of nano silicon dioxide (SiO2), the optimization construction are used to carry out treatments impart to improve the roughness, antistatic charge, sew ability, thickness; weight and UPF measurement are investigated. The study evaluates the possibility of using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to show optimize the effect of treatment of nylon fabrics with nano silicon dioxide not only on the effect of treatment of nylon fabrics with nano silicon dioxide not only on their performance and appearance but also in garment man-ufacturing.

The mechanical properties of the concrete can be improved by adding nanoparticles.This research investigates the mechanical strength and durability of nanomaterial concrete using nano silicon dioxide as partial cement substitute.M45 grade concrete with 1% -4% nano silicon dioxide and a water-to-cement ratio of 0.40 was tested.The optimal result was achieved with 4% nano silicon dioxide.Mechanical tests such as density, compressive, split tensile, flexural strength and microstructural analysis such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscpe were conducted .

The construction of amphiphilic chemical modified nano silicon dioxide reinforced foam system

When natural rubber is used for a long period of time, it becomes aged ; it usually becomes hardened and loses its damping capability. This aging process affects not only the material property but also the (fatigue) life of natural rubber. In this paper the aging effects on the material property and the fatigue life were experimentally investigated. In addition, several fatigue life prediction equations for natural rubber were proposed. In order to investigate the aging effects on the material property, the load-stretch ratio curves were plotted from the results of the tensile test, the compression test and the simple shear test for virgin and heat-aged rubber specimens Rubber specimens were heat-aged in an oven at a temperature ranging from 50°C to 90°C for a period ranging from 2 days to 16 days. In order to investigate the aging effects on the fatigue life, fatigue tests were conducted for differently heat-aged hourglass-shaped and simple shear specimens. Moreover, finite element simulations were conducted for the specimens to calculate physical quantities occurring in the specimens such as the maximum value of the effective stress, the stram energy density, the first invariant of the Cauchy-Green deformation tensor and the maximum principal nominal strain. Then, four fatigue life prediction equations based on one of the physical quantities could be obtained by fitting the equations to the test data. Finally, the fatigue life of a rubber bush used in an automobile was predicted by using the prediction equations, and it was compared with the test data of the bush to evaluate the reliability of those equations.

Experiments were carried out to study the bending fatigue characteristics of a hybrid aluminum/composite drive shaft. A hybrid shaft was fabricated using a wetted filament winding method by winding glass and carbon fibers onto an aluminum tube with different winding angles, numbers of layers, and stacking sequence. The flexural moment fatigue life relationships were obtained and the failure modes of the hybrid shaft were studied. The results show that the fatigue life for a winding angle of 45° is larger than it is for 90°, for both glass and carbon fibers. For [±45] 3, carbon fiber/epoxy laminates enhance the fatigue strength of aluminum tube up to 40% and the hybrid specimen does not fail until 107 cycles under 14.7 N.m applied bending moment. In the hybridized specimens the percentage containing carbon and glass fiber are significantly affected by the fatigue life of the hybrid shaft at high and low level load. The results of a fatigue test on a macroscopic level indicate that the cracks initiating in the zones free of fibers or in the outer skin of resin, increase with increasing number of cycles until failure of specimen. On the other hand the micro damage shows that the delamination completely took place between the composite layer and the surface of the aluminum tube before the catastrophic failure of a hybrid specimen. In addition, the aluminum tube failure was perpendicular to the applied bending load and this phenomena is the same as for the aluminum shaft under a bending fatigue test. Furthermore, there is no fiber breakage observed from the rotating bending fatigue test.

The nano fly ash (FNP) particles, when used with stabilizer in lubricant, have been found beneficial in improving the tribological behavior of alloy steels.Present experimental wear test was carried out to comprehend the significant parameters responsible for lowering the wear alloy steel of grade AISI 4140 when nano fly ash particles treated with oelic acid were well dispersed in SAE10W-30 engine oil.L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi was designed and the variable selected were load, Sliding length, Sliding velocity and percentage of nano particles.Pin on Dics wear test tribometer as per ASTM standard G99-17 was used for the experimentation.S/N ratio Smaller the Better appoarch for S/N ratio was follwed for minimizing wear loss.This experimental study was conducted to find the effect of the parameters on the wear loss of AISI 4140 under nano lubricant by means of Analysis of Variance.The outcomes portrayed that percentage weight of fly ash nano particles had the highest impact on wear loss attributes.Though load and sliding length also affected wear loss but effect of nano fly ash particles surpassed the results.The predicted value of optimum wear loss was computed using optimization Taguchi methodology.Lastly authentication test the average value of wear loss by the weight i.e 5.32 mg was found in 95 % CI (confidence interval).Nano additive can find important role in improving the performances of alloy steels under lubrication.These nano additives may be helpful in saving energy, thereby increasing the efficiency of the system.Potential of nano particles with proper surfactact in lubricants, in reducing wear in lubricated system can not be ignored [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].Many nanoparticles as per the literature review like alumina nanoparticles, nano titatium oxide, nano feric oxide and nano calcium oxide has depicted better tribological results when used as an additive in lubricants [8][9][10].Many researchers have reported nano copper particles in engine lubricating oils as to lower the wear loss characterstics [11].Some even used nano zirconia, nano silica, nano CuO, nano TiO 2 as add on in lubricants got promising results [12][13][14].Nano additives like nano zinc oxide with graphene do evidenced to enhance the tribological attribute in the base oil [15].Hydrogen boron nitride and tugsten disulfide nano particles having small nano size particles in SAE 20W-50 have depicted lower wear loss when AISI 52100 steel alloy balls were rubbed against EN8 steel disk as compared to the lubricant SAE 20W-50 alone [16].The concentration of nano particles is important in this concern.Concentation of nano nickel from 0.2 to 0.5% wt. in lubricants showed lower wear loss properties [17].Nano silicon oxide optimum range was 0.05-0.5% wt. and for the blend of nano alminmium oxide and silicon oxide had optimium range upto was 0.5% wt for best tribological results [18,19].Surface modification, particle size, form, structure and concentratons are important characrterstics of additive in the lubricants to lower the wear loss in the alloy steels under lubrications [20][21].

The purpose of this work was to improve the properties of the starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films with nano silicon dioxide (nano SiO2). Starch/PVA/nano‐SiO2 biodegradable blend films were prepared by a solution casting method. The characteristics of the films were assessed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results obtained in this study indicated that the nano‐SiO2 particles were dispersed evenly within the starch/PVA coating and an intermolecular hydrogen bond and a strong chemical bond COSi were formed in the nano‐SiO2 and starch/PVA. That the blending of starch, PVA and nano‐SiO2 particles led to uniform starch/PVA/nano‐SiO2 blend films with better mechanical properties. In addition, the nano‐SiO2 particles can improve the water resistance and light transmission of the blend films. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009