Fast Grid Frequency and Voltage Control of Battery Energy Storage System Based on the Amplitude-Phase-Locked-Loop

Abstract

This paper presents a novel fast frequency and voltage regulation method for battery energy storage system (BESS) based on the amplitude-phase-locked-loop (APLL). In the proposed method, the primary frequency regulation and inertia emulating control are designed based on grid frequency deviation ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\Delta }f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) and its differential <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(df/dt)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> signals detected by APLL, avoiding complicated and sensitive differential operation to get better dynamic support performance. Moreover, unlike the traditional voltage control only using grid voltage deviation ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\Delta }V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), the proposed method also uses the voltage differential control ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$dV/dt$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -control) to improve dynamic performance of traditional voltage control and behaviors of grid voltage based on the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$dV/dt$ </tex-math></inline-formula> signal from APLL. Finally, simulations and experiments are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed APLL-based BESS on improving the dynamic behaviors of grid frequency and voltage.