Abstract
The emerging prevalence of fast and ultrafast enantioseparations, coupled with advancements in column and packing technologies have led to sub-minute to sub-second chiral separations. This chapter provides an overview of separation fundamentals that pertain to fast enantioseparations, as well as a review of system requirements and instrument idiosyncracies that are involved in separations on small timescales. Fast and ultrafast chiral separations are typically performed on shorter columns with higher flow rates at the cost of higher system backpressure. Comparisons between fully porous and superficially porous particles used as solid support in ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography are given and evaluated. Additionally, examples of ultrafast separations on different classes of chiral selectors are provided. The effects of system backpressure on retention factors and the consequences of frictional heating, from a fast-flowing mobile phase, are also described. The importance of detector sampling frequencies and response times are highlighted. Also, a brief discussion on fast chiral supercritical fluid chromatography, as well as an overview of multi-column screening techniques and other high throughput methodologies are given.
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