Farmers’ resettlement decision-making in China's flood detention areas

Loess disintegration is a significant physicochemical and mechanical dissolution process that occurs when loess comes into contact with water. This phenomenon contributes to geological disasters such as loess cave erosion, landslides, and debris flows. The disintegration of loess can be influenced by both internal and external factors. Research on internal factors of loess disintegration has been widely recorded, but the research progress on external environmental factors that affect loess disintegration is not well summarized. This review summarizes the impacts of external water environmental factors on loess disintegration and reveals that six external water environmental factors, namely the temperature of the aqueous solution, hydrodynamic conditions, solution pH, salt concentration and type in the solution, freeze–thaw cycles, and dry–wet cycles, can significantly impact loess disintegration. Furthermore, this review delves into three key research areas in loess disintegration under the influence of these water environmental factors: experimental research on loess disintegration, the disintegration parameters used in such research and their variations, and the water–soil chemical reactions and microstructural changes during loess disintegration. It concludes that current experimental research on loess disintegration suffers from inadequate studies, with existing research associated with poor comparability and weak representativeness, and a lack of comprehensive, systematic analysis of its regularities of influence and response mechanisms from both microscopic and macroscopic perspectives. This paper can provide valuable insights for the prevention of loess geological disasters and engineering safety construction.

The global changes which are affecting countries at the moment act as a ‘censor’ of modern energy relations and energy market development strategies in general. The development of the energy market is no longer considered in terms of its efficiency but more in terms of its survivability under the influence of external environmental factors and its ability to maintain an acceptable level of energy safety. In order to fully balance a country’s internal interests and increase its competitiveness in the global energy market, the importance of the problem of choosing a development strategy—following the path of energy independence or cooperative development—is becoming evident. The purpose of this paper is to identify an effective energy strategy for a country under the influence of contemporary challenges. The object of the study is the Russian energy market and the energy companies as its key players. In this context, it examines the situations where Russia and other energy market players are unequally affected by external environmental factors. Particular emphasis is placed on the possibility of overcoming the negative impact of environmental factors during the implementation of measures aimed at ensuring energy safety, achieving a better environmental situation in the country by reducing CO2 emissions, and strengthening the country’s position in the global energy market by changing its own energy development strategy. The dependence of the financial outcome of the energy complex companies of the Russian Federation on the factors of the external and internal environment was determined as the main direction of the study. The financial outcome of the Russian energy complex companies in this article serves as a landmark indicator of energy market development. The working hypothesis of the research is the authors’ claim that it is necessary for modern energy companies in Russia, as important participants in the energy market of the country, to transform their strategy in the direction of deepening cooperation under the influence of external and internal environmental factors. The methodological and theoretical framework of this study consists of classical and modern economic science, covering the analysis of energy market dynamics and structure, as well as the theories aimed at selecting the most effective strategies under the influence of external and internal environmental factors. The study is based on the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the issues of competitiveness, strategic planning, and sustainable development in the context of total digitalization. Within the framework of the conducted research, we used methods of system and factor analysis; statistical research methods, in particular the analysis of dynamic changes, as well as correlation and regression analysis; and methods of comparison, analogy, and generalization. An important source of data on the financial result of companies in the Russian energy sector was the materials of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. As a result of this paper, a notable influence of external and internal environmental factors is determined. Among the most significant factors, digitalization is identified as a development trend. It also represents a driver of improvement in Russia’s energy market, both in terms of improving its competitiveness and environmental safety and in terms of strengthening the country’s leadership position in the global energy market. In addition to the findings, this article provides a theoretical contribution and recommendations for the development of theoretical ideas concerning the choice of an effective strategy for the development of Russia’s energy market. Future research directions are also considered, and the implications of the presented analysis for further research are discussed.

Structural equation modeling of dispositional mindfulness, internal environmental factors, external environmental factors, and self-care behaviors in people with type 2 diabetes

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine and obtain empirical evidence of the effects of external and internal environmental factors on the strategy and performance of manufacturing companies. Design/methodology/approach: This study used primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to 150 respondents of manufacturing companies in Indonesia spreading over six major cities in Java such as Jakarta, Banten, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Semarang and Surabaya. Samples were taken by using the systematic random sampling technique. The technique was used since those major cities had different numbers of manufacturing companies. Subsequently, the feasibility of the model was tested. Several indices of model feasibility would be used to test the model developed in this structural equation model. In case of a sub-optimal model, a model modification was to be performed by adding or removing paths so that the chi-square values would decrease by the values of the index. Findings and Originality/value: Results showed that internal and external environmental factors, through the operating environments and the remote environments of manufacturing industries, jointly affected the companies’ understanding of the condition of the industrial environments to establish strategic goals in order to achieve optimal performance of manufacturing industry. Practical implications: The internal and external environmental factors through the operating and remote environments had effects on the strategy of manufacturing companies in Indonesia. However, both internal and external environments did not affect the performance of manufacturing companies in Indonesia. There was a tendency that manufacturing companies were to observe the occurring macro-economic conditions. Manufacturing industries were faced with the pressures from competition, customers and suppliers that affected companies’ revenue. Performance of manufacturing industries was more influenced by macro-economic conditions that have not recovered from the global crisis. Originality/value: This study was conducted to determine the effects of environmental factors on the corporate strategy and performance. The effects of the industrial environments are crucial since the more complicated changes in the industrial environments the greater the impacts it has on the resources, structures and processes in the company. Environmental factors of the industry present both organizational strengths and weaknesses, which would affect the strategy and performance of the industry.

SWOT analysis is first step for formulating the strategic, to analyze the external and internal environmental factors. The purpose of this research is to analyze the external and internal environmental factors which influence pharmacy department, formulating the strategic management of the pharmacy department that can increase good works Pharmacy Department of RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta .The method for the research is realized by collecting secondary data related to drugs management in pharmacy department, and then collect the primary data by conducting direct observation in the form of interview with Chief Pharmacy Department and distribute questionnaires to the doctor, officials, and patients. To determine the management of drug using the drug management indicators and to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats using SWOT analysis. The result showed that the internal environmental factor such as drug management in selection phase, selected drugs by DOEN is 6%. Procurement phase, the percentage of capital available along with all the used fund can only absorbs the average of 95,6% of the real total, percentage according to between planning with the fact to inappropriate drug 105,01%, and the average availability of medicine of 35 days. On distribution phase, the expired or damaged medicine out of the supported 0%. Use phase, showed by the waiting time for outpatient uncompounding prescription is 30,47 minutes and compounding prescription is 60,01 minutes. External environmental factors in pharmacy department such as opportunity: human resources in pharmacy department need to practical training, a good service in pharmacy department, drugs is complete; threats focused on existing hospitals in Surakarta, good services for customers quality, long waiting time for drug in pharmacy department. Pharmacy Department of RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta was on the first quadrant. The strategy which can be used by Pharmacy Department of RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta in this condition is to support the aggressive growing policy (growth oriented strategy).

Recently, the Internet Finance is developing at a high speed as the fusion and innovation product of financial industry and Internet industry. However, the financial ecology and policy environment is different in each region of China. As a result, the development of Internet Finance in different areas of China have presented obvious regional differences. As an important form of Internet Finance, the development of P2P (Peer-to-Peer) lending also presents regional differences. Related research has been mainly focused on the risks, legal supervision and development status of P2P lending. There is lack of research on the track of development, regional differences and impacts of P2P lending. In this paper, it is based on each area's comprehensive development index of P2P lending in 2014 from www.WDZJ.com. Through the measurement and calculation of economic environment index, credit environment index, financial environment index, legal environment index and education level and regression analysis of these indexes, it is found that all these five indexes have indirectly caused the regional differences as the external environmental factors in different aspects. Furthermore, economic environment index, credit environment index and financial environment index have been identified as direct external environmental impact factors and its mechanism have been also studied.

Purpose: This study provides to charter companies, including shippers, implications for charter party decision-making by identifying factors that affect the selection of contract types in the dry bulk shipping market.
 Research design, data, and methodology: For empirical analysis, the dependent variable was set as a choice between time charter and voyage charter, and the independent variables were set as company and cargo characteristic factors, company internal environmental change factors, and company external environmental change factors. A hypothesis test was conducted using 111 questionnaires.
 Results: Variables such as cargo volume and ship size were found to have a significant impact on the choice of charter contract. Company characteristics, investment propensity, and risk management factors were significant as a company's internal environmental factors. All variables, including market outlook, volatility, and cost factors, were statistically significant as a company's external environmental factors.
 Conclusions: Investment decisions and the outlook for future shipping market conditions are important factors to consider in decision-making as to the type of charter contract. Therefore, it is important for shippers as charters to obtain quick and accurate information on the shipping market.

Edible Bird Nest (EBN) swiftlet industry plays a significant role in the economic growth in Sarawak. This study aimed at identifying both the external environmental factors and types of insects that are important for a successful swiftlet farmhouse (SFH). For this purpose, a total of 21 SFHs from the southern areas of Sarawak were selected. The external environmental factors of SFH and the type of insects present in relation to the number of EBN swiftlet populations were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that external environmental locations, namely rural and remote areas, were highly selected (71.42%) for the construction of SFHs (p<0.05) compared to the other location categories, as analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Significant relationships (p<0.05) were observed between environmental factors (habitat origin and predation) and the population of EBN swiftlets in the SFHs. Large densities of the EBN swiftlet populations were found in SFHs located in areas with fewer disturbances. The highest population of insect types in most SFHs was Diptera (52.38%). This study can be used as a guideline for swiftlet ranchers looking to startup their EBN swiftlet farming.

This article presents a study of the temperature field of an inflatable collector made of polymer materials. The efficiency of the power system under consideration depends on the intensity of the absorber heating. In turn, the heating of the coolant is influenced by many external environmental factors. The developed mathematical model and software product allow us to consider the degree of influence of each factor individually and collectively.This article presents a study of the temperature field of an inflatable collector made of polymer materials. The efficiency of the power system under consideration depends on the intensity of the absorber heating. In turn, the heating of the coolant is influenced by many external environmental factors. The developed mathematical model and software product allow us to consider the degree of influence of each factor individually and collectively.This article presents a study of the temperature field of an inflatable collector made of polymer materials. The efficiency of the power system under consideration depends on the intensity of the absorber heating. In turn, the heating of the coolant is influenced by many external environmental factors. The developed mathematical model and software product allow us to consider the degree of influence of each factor individually and collectively.This article presents a study of the temperature field of an inflatable collector made of polymer materials. The efficiency of the power system under consideration depends on the intensity of the absorber heating. In turn, the heating of the coolant is influenced by many external environmental factors. The developed mathematical model and software product allow us to consider the degree of influence of each factor individually and collectively.This article presents a study of the temperature field of an inflatable collector made of polymer materials. The efficiency of the power system under consideration depends on the intensity of the absorber heating. In turn, the heating of the coolant is influenced by many external environmental factors. The developed mathematical model and software product allow us to consider the degree of influence of each factor individually and collectively.This article presents a study of the temperature field of an inflatable collector made of polymer materials. The efficiency of the power system under consideration depends on the intensity of the absorber heating. In turn, the heating of the coolant is influenced by many external environmental factors. The developed mathematical model and software product allow us to consider the degree of influence of each factor individually and collectively.This article presents a study of the temperature field of an inflatable collector made of polymer materials. The efficiency of the power system under consideration depends on the intensity of the absorber heating. In turn, the heating of the coolant is influenced by many external environmental factors. The developed mathematical model and software product allow us to consider the degree of influence of each factor individually and collectively.

As a modern way to conduct business in the global economic environment, e-commerce is becoming an essential component integrated with traditional business processes in enterprises. To reduce risks and increase profits in e-commerce investments and to provide the best services to their customers, enterprises have to find appropriate ways to analyze their e-commerce strategies at the business planning stage. Strategic management tools are designed for enterprises to evaluate their business strategies, and can be used to evaluate an e-commerce business plan, as well. For example, the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis is regarded as a popular way to conduct an e-commerce business plan evaluation, with business environmental scanning based on internal environmental factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external environmental factors (opportunities and threats) (Turban, King, Lee, & Viehland, 2003). To facilitate the application of the strategic management tools, different forms of applications are adopted, such as checklist (OGC, 2004), rating system (UNMFS, 2004), expert system (PlanWare, 2004) and so forth. Among these, computer-driven business simulation tools enable participants to run with virtual business processes, experiment with different strategies and compete with other supposed companies or plans in a virtual business environment. As an example, the Marketplace (ILS, 2003; IDC, 2004) is a business simulator for integrative business courses that provides decision content, including marketing, product development, sales force management, financial analysis, accounting, manufacturing and quality management. Regarding the application of computer simulation in e-commerce, the Marketplace strategic e-commerce simulation is specifically designed, and it illustrates the business concepts of an e-commerce environment, as well (ILS, 2003). For an e-commerce system simulation, Griss and Letsinger (2000) studied agent-based flexible e-commerce systems with an experimental multi-player shopping game to experiment with alternative individual and group economic strategies, and to evaluate the effectiveness of agent-based systems for e-commerce. Both academic and professional practice have proved that using computer simulation is an effective, efficient and economical way for e-commerce business plan evaluation. However, it is hard to conduct simulation based on the flowchart of business processes within the current e-commerce simulation environment as mentioned above. This actually provides a limitation for applying e-commerce simulation. In fact, computer simulation has tackled a range of business problems, leading to improving efficiency, reduced costs and increased profitability since the 1950s (Robinson, 1994). Simulation tools are on the increase in various application areas (Google, 2005) and process-oriented simulation has been increasing in popularity for business management (Swain, 2001). We believe that a process-oriented simulation for e-commerce system evaluation is more directly perceived through the human sense, and our interest is to conduct a quantitative approach to e-commerce system evaluation based on the theory of process simulation. The e-commerce system simulation is an integrative procedure to run a business processes-oriented simulation program based on both internal and external business environmental factors to demonstrate the actual results of implementing an e-commerce business model by using computer-driven software toolkits. The e-commerce system simulation is an effective, efficient and economical approach, and can be used to experiment and evaluate different e-commerce business models or plans. The adoption of e-commerce system simulation can reduce potential risks in e-commerce system development, such as the huge amount of initial investments of time and money, and the long period from business planning to system development, then to system test and operation, and finally to exact return; in other words, the proposed process-oriented e-commerce system simulation can help currently used system analysis and development methods to tell investors in a very detailed way about some keen attentions, such as how good their e-commerce system could be, how many investment repayments they could have and in which area they should improve from initial business plans. The definition of the proposed process-oriented e-commerce system simulation normalizes its procedure to apply a process simulation to experiment with an e-commerce model. In this regard, this article focuses on the adaptation of an e-commerce model into a process simulation environment by using an experimental case study. Results from this article include the conception of e-commerce system simulation, a comprehensive review of simulation methods adopted in e-commerce system evaluation and a real case study of applying simulation to e-commerce system evaluation. Furthermore, we hope that the adoption and implementation of process simulation approach can effectively support business decision-making, and improve the efficiency of e-commerce systems.

Recognition and prioritization of environmental factors affecting the performance of organizations is one of the most important steps in developing long-term plans and organizational strategies. The present study investigates the current status of head office of Ardabil Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation through analyzing internal and external environmental factors. To this end, a sequential mixed method design was used for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting research question. Sixty-eight employees participated in the study. This study was carried out through a survey method using research-made questionnaire and interview as the main instruments. The results demonstrated that Ardabil Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation had some strengths and weaknesses regarding internal and external environmental factors and this organization appeared to have relatively good position considering organization’s internal factors which were supposed to affect it. The findings of the study showed that Ardabil Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation can overcome and neutralize some of its organizational threats and weaknesses using the current organizational opportunities and strengths and applying strategic planning.

In the fault diagnosis of distribution transformer, in order to fully consider the influence of environmental factors and operation data on distribution transformer, a method of fault diagnosis model of distribution transformer considering environmental factors and operation data is established. First of all, according to the fault data of distribution transformer provided by Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau in recent five years, the environmental factors causing the fault of distribution transformer are calculated. The association rule mining algorithm is used to mine the external environmental factors of distribution transformer fault, and find out the external environmental factors that have a high impact on distribution transformer; secondly, according to the operation data of distribution transformer fault, select the important operation data of distribution transformer fault, and calculate the deviation between the data and the standard value, and take the final result as one of the evaluation indicators; then, in the use of Based on the evaluation of internal test data, the external factors and operation data are fully integrated into the model to establish a complete evaluation model. Finally, the health level of a 10kV distribution transformer in Guangzhou is evaluated in real time in one day. The research of this paper can provide reference for the fault diagnosis and operation maintenance of 10kV distribution transformer

The seed industry has a prominent role in strengthening ecological stability and national food security as it provides the basic ground for agriculture sector. In the current research, the effectiveness of financial support provided to listed seed enterprises and its influencing factors from the perspectives of energy consumption and carbon emissions are examined using a three-stage DEA-Tobit model. The dataset for the underlined study variables mainly comes from the financial data published by 32 listed seed enterprises and the China Energy Statistical Yearbook from 2016 to 2021. In order to make the results more accurate, the influence of external environmental factors such as economic development level, total energy consumption, and total carbon emission on listed seed enterprises are excluded. The results revealed that the mean value of financial support efficiency of listed seed enterprises increased significantly after excluding the influence of external environmental and random factors. External environmental factors such as regional energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission played an important role in the process of the financial system supporting the development of listed seed enterprises. The development of some listed seed enterprises with high financial support efficiency came at the cost of high local carbon dioxide emission and high energy consumption. Internal factors such as operating profit, equity concentration, financial structure, and enterprise size are the key intra-firm factors that affect the efficiency of financial support for listed seed enterprises. Thus, it is suggested that enterprises must pay attention to the environmental performance to reach a win-win situation in reducing and improving the energy consumption and financial performance, respectively. Similarly, the improvement of energy use efficiency through endogenous and external innovation should be prioritized to achieve sustainable economic development.

Problem statement: Recently, there has been growing interest in m-learning consequently emerging m-learning technology is promising technological and educational business. Nevertheless, m-learning is a new business and the different actors are still trialing by ways of a diversity of business models to overcome in able to achieve a sustainable and profitable place in this market. Numbers of m-learning products providers do not succeed in supplying m-learning products. In this situation not only a suitable business model is vital but also environmental and external factors have impact on mobile learning business model. Overall objective of this study was to survey the business model framework of m-learning with effect of external and environmental factors. Approach: Methodical approach was based on a classification of m-learning actors and its environmental factors. Based on this, we analyzed case studies description and developed main environmental factors that constitute the m-learning environment. Factors were summarized in morphological boxes and then through out its three steps result came up. Results: The results indicated technology, market and regulation are three major environmental factors which were forcing m-learning business model and business model should react to changes of these three factors to keep sustainable business. The research further argued the external factors of m-learning environment in order to understanding and developing the m-learning business and the ways these factors influence the business model of m-learning as well. Conclusion/Recommendations: M-learning business is based on many factors such as technology, changes in society, educational drivers, demand for flexible learning and the new learning paradigm but only three major drivers(technology, market and regulation) had considerable effect on m-learning business model and should be taken into account as a result if they change business model should be changed.

The study aims to explore the barriers and facilitators related to the use of mobility devices among older adults. A total of 815 studies conducted between 2000–2020 were retrieved from Scopus. Eight primary research studies met the eligibility criteria for the scoping review. Systematic processes of study identification, data extraction, and data synthesis were used. The barriers and facilitators were identified in terms of three aspects: environment, user, and device. The environmental barriers comprised external and internal environmental factors that hinder use, including limited indoor and outdoor accessibility, limited transportation options, and weather. External environmental factors such as curb ramps and amenities for anti-fatigue were identified as the environmental facilitators. The negative perceptions of older adults and related stigma prevented them from using mobility devices, particularly when they considered them a sign of disability and dependence. However, users’ adoption of mobility devices was facilitated if the devices were perceived as an aid for balancing and preventing older adults from falling or if recommended by a physician. In addition, the design of the devices influenced the positive or negative acceptance of older adults. The issue of cost was identified as a device-related barrier, and it can be improved with a government support system. In addition, the design and functions of mobility devices need to meet the needs and preferences of older adults while preserving their self-image and dignity.