Farm to Table Reading: Industrial Agriculture and Media Materiality in the Twentieth Century

Hermann Von Schrenk and the Rise of Forest Pathology in the United States.

The rare earth elements (REE) are fifteen elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum to lutetium ('lanthanides'), plus yttrium (39), which is chemically similar to the lanthanide elements and thus typically included with the rare earth elements. Although industrial demand for these elements is relatively small in tonnage terms, they are essential for a diverse and expanding array of high-technology applications. REE-containing magnets, metal alloys for batteries and light-weight structures, and phosphors are essential for many current and emerging alternative energy technologies, such as electric vehicles, energy-efficient lighting, and wind power. REE are also critical for a number of key defense systems and other advanced materials. Section 843 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, Public Law 111-84, directs the Comptroller General to complete a report on REE materials in the defense supply chain. The Office of Industrial Policy, in collaboration with other U.S. Government agencies, has initiated (in addition to this report) a detailed study of REE. This latter study will assess the Department of Defense's use of REE, as well as the status and security of domestic and global supply chains. That study will also address vulnerabilities in the supply chain and recommend ways to mitigate any potential risks of supply disruption. To help conduct this study, the Office of Industrial Policy asked the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to report on domestic REE reserves and resources in a global context. To this end, the enclosed report is the initial USGS contribution to assessing and summarizing the domestic REE resources in a global perspective. In 2009, the Mineral Resources Program of the USGS organized a new project under the title Minerals at Risk and For Emerging Technologies in order to evaluate mineral resource and supply issues of rare metals that are of increasing importance to the national economy. Leaders and members of this project, with the assistance of the USGS National Minerals Information Center, prepared the enclosed USGS report on domestic REE resources. The USGS Mineral Resources Program has investigated domestic and selected foreign REE resources for many decades, and this report summarizes what has been learned from this research. The USGS National Minerals Information Center (formerly Minerals Information Team) has monitored global production, trade, and resources for an equally long period and is the principal source of statistics used in this report. The objective of this study is to provide a nontechnical overview of domestic reserves and resources of REE and possibilities for utilizing those resources. At the present time, the United States obtains its REE raw materials from foreign sources, almost exclusively from China. Import dependence upon a single country raises serious issues of supply security. In a global context, domestic REE resources are modest and of uncertain value; hence, available resources in traditional trading partners (such as Canada and Australia) are of great interest for diversifying sources of supply. This report restates basic geologic facts about REE relevant to assessing security of supply, followed by a review of current United States consumption and imports of REE, current knowledge of domestic resources, and possibilities for future domestic production. Further detail follows in a deposit-by-deposit review of the most significant domestic REE deposits (see index map). Necessary steps to develop domestic resources are discussed in a separate section, leading into a review of current domestic exploration and a discussion of the value of a future national mineral resource assessment of REE. The report also includes an overview of known global REE resources and discusses the reliability of alternative foreign sources of REE.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers 15 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs that affect the lives of millions of people and account for roughly two-thirds of USDA's annual budget. In response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, USDA launched additional temporary programs and implemented numerous policy changes that expanded the scope and coverage of existing programs. Together, these programs contributed to $183 billion in spending on food and nutrition assistance programs in fiscal year (FY) 2022 (October 1, 2021-September 30, 2022). This report uses preliminary data from USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) to examine program trends and policy changes in USDA's largest U.S. food and nutrition assistance programs through FY 2022. It also summarizes a recent USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) report examining the prevalence of household food insecurity in the United States in 2021 and another USDA, ERS report examining changes in food choices in the USDA Foods program.

Journal of Food ScienceVolume 12, Issue 2 p. 99-110 A STUDY OF YEAST GROWTH-PROMOTING SUBSTANCES IN WHITE SUGAR1 HARLOW H. HALL, HARLOW H. HALL United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing, Michigan Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans 19, Louisiana.Search for more papers by this authorH. S. PAINE, H. S. PAINE United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing, Michigan Formerly in Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture.Search for more papers by this authorF. W. FABIAN, F. W. FABIAN United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing, Michigan Professor of Bacteriology, Michigan State College.Search for more papers by this author HARLOW H. HALL, HARLOW H. HALL United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing, Michigan Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans 19, Louisiana.Search for more papers by this authorH. S. PAINE, H. S. PAINE United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing, Michigan Formerly in Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture.Search for more papers by this authorF. W. FABIAN, F. W. FABIAN United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing, Michigan Professor of Bacteriology, Michigan State College.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1947 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1947.tb16398.xCitations: 1 1 Includes part of thesis under same title submitted by H. H. Hall in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Michigan State College. ‡ Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal Article No. 756. Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry's Agricultural Chemical Research Division Contribution No. 174. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume12, Issue2March 1947Pages 99-110 RelatedInformation

The goals of any partnership have much to do with the mission and needs of each organization. The partnership between the Albert R. Mann Library and three agencies of the United States (US) Department of Agriculture helps illustrate one type of partnership. The partnership between the Albert R. Mann Library and three economic agencies of the US Department of Agriculture is already in its third year. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economics and Statistics System was introduced to the public at the end of 1993. In April 1995 the System was expanded significantly with the addition of time-sensitive commodity reports as an important feature of the service. The use of the USDA System has steadily increased. In May 1996 there were over 12,000 logins to the System. The USDA economic agencies are no exception to this phenomenon.

Fish and N-3 fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease: nutrition is not pharmacology

Ensuring Equitable Access to School Meals

Event Abstract Back to Event A transdisciplinary framework for predictive disease ecology based on cross-scale interactions: Insights from long-term data Debra P. Peters1, N D. Burruss2, Luis L. Rodriguez3, D S. McVey4, Emile H. Elias5, Angela M. Pelzel-McCluskey6, Justin D. Derner7, Steven J. Pauszek3, Heather M. Savoy1*, Dannele E. Peck7, 8, Barbara Drolet4, Lee Cohnstaedt4, Rachel Palinski3 and John M. Humphreys5* 1 USDA ARS Jornada Experimental Range, United States 2 New Mexico State University, United States 3 Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States 4 Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States 5 Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States 6 USDA APHIS Veterinary Services, United States 7 Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States 8 USDA Northern Plains Climate Hub, United States The availability of long-term environmental data for many variables at multiple scales across large spatial extents provides opportunities for novel questions to be addressed as well as new insights into unresolved questions. These questions can pertain to regional- to continental-scale dynamics that affect animal and human health, and are driven by interactions among processes occurring at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We are developing a strategic framework based on pattern-process integration and interactions across scales with human guided-machine learning to identify, harmonize, analyze, and interpret big data involving a variety of variables from online and local sources to meet these challenges. We illustrate our framework with questions related to drivers of spatial and temporal patterns in the invasion by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a vector-borne, zoonotic RNA virus that affected > 1500 livestock premises from 2004-2016 across 10 states in the western US. In addition to incidence and phylogenetic data, we obtained online data for 9 environmental drivers and host density data. For each driver, we selected variables for analysis based on hypothesized relationships with disease processes. The geo-referenced maps of the >50 variables were harmonized in time and space. Multivariate analyses of the resulting data cube showed that the initial incursion of VSV from Mexico into the southwestern US in 2 separate years (2004, 2014) occurred under similar conditions (low surface water in summer and fall, above-average summer vegetation, below-average winter precipitation) that were different from conditions when VSV expanded throughout the 10-state region (2005, 2015: below-average summer temperatures on locations containing soils with high water holding capacity). Watershed-based analyses showed that VS incidents were distributed near streams with 72% located within 1 km of stream habitat. All first incidents (n = 35) occurred following peak annual streamflow, with 89% of these occurring after streams returned to baseflow. Our big data-model integration framework is being applied to other disease systems that are temporally variable and spatially heterogeneous across large spatial extents, e.g. West Nile Virus in the conterminous US. Acknowledgements This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Projects at the Jornada Experimental Range (#6235-11210-007), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (Project No. 8064-32000-058-00D), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research (#8064-32000-058-00D, #3020-32000-008-00D), and the Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit (#3012- 21610-001-00D). Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation to NMSU for the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 12-35828) and DEB 14-40166. References Elias, E., D.S. McVey, D. P.C. Peters, J. D. Derner, A. Pelzel-McCluskey, T.S. Schrader, and L. Rodriguez. 2019. Contributions of hydrology to Vesicular Stomatitis virus emergence in the western USA. Ecosystems 22: 416-433. Peters, D.P.C., N.D. Burruss, L.L. Rodriguez, D.S. McVey, E.H. Elias, A. M. Pelzel-McCluskey, J.D. Derner, T.S. Schrader, J. Yao, S. J. Pauszek, J. Lombard, S. R. Archer, B. T. Bestelmeyer, D. M. Browning, et al. 2018. An integrated view of complex landscapes: a big data-model integration approach to transdisciplinary science. BioScience 68: 653-669. Keywords: big data, transdisciplinarity, Vector-borne disease, continental-scale dynamics, Cross-scale interactions Conference: GeoVet 2019. Novel spatio-temporal approaches in the era of Big Data, Davis, United States, 8 Oct - 10 Oct, 2019. Presentation Type: Poster-no session Topic: Spatial data sources, open data, accessibility and information integration Citation: Peters DP, Burruss ND, Rodriguez LL, McVey DS, Elias EH, Pelzel-McCluskey AM, Derner JD, Pauszek SJ, Savoy HM, Peck DE, Drolet B, Cohnstaedt L, Palinski R and Humphreys JM (2019). A transdisciplinary framework for predictive disease ecology based on cross-scale interactions: Insights from long-term data. Front. Vet. Sci. Conference Abstract: GeoVet 2019. Novel spatio-temporal approaches in the era of Big Data. doi: 10.3389/conf.fvets.2019.05.00025 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 20 Jun 2019; Published Online: 27 Sep 2019. * Correspondence: Mx. Heather M Savoy, USDA ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, United States, heather.savoy@usda.gov Mx. John M Humphreys, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington D.C., United States, jmh09r@my.fsu.edu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Debra P Peters N D Burruss Luis L Rodriguez D S McVey Emile H Elias Angela M Pelzel-McCluskey Justin D Derner Steven J Pauszek Heather M Savoy Dannele E Peck Barbara Drolet Lee Cohnstaedt Rachel Palinski John M Humphreys Google Debra P Peters N D Burruss Luis L Rodriguez D S McVey Emile H Elias Angela M Pelzel-McCluskey Justin D Derner Steven J Pauszek Heather M Savoy Dannele E Peck Barbara Drolet Lee Cohnstaedt Rachel Palinski John M Humphreys Google Scholar Debra P Peters N D Burruss Luis L Rodriguez D S McVey Emile H Elias Angela M Pelzel-McCluskey Justin D Derner Steven J Pauszek Heather M Savoy Dannele E Peck Barbara Drolet Lee Cohnstaedt Rachel Palinski John M Humphreys PubMed Debra P Peters N D Burruss Luis L Rodriguez D S McVey Emile H Elias Angela M Pelzel-McCluskey Justin D Derner Steven J Pauszek Heather M Savoy Dannele E Peck Barbara Drolet Lee Cohnstaedt Rachel Palinski John M Humphreys Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. 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INTRODUCTION Poor and minority property owners have lost millions of acres of land over the past 150 years, and much of this land loss has been involuntary. This history of land loss within minority communities had not received a great deal of popular attention at the national level until the late 1990s and early 2000s. However, after African-American farmers filed a class action lawsuit against the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1997 claiming that the USDA had systematically discriminated against black farmers for decades, other groups of farmers, including Latino and Native American farmers, filed discrimination claims against the USDA as well (Mitchell, Malpezzi, and Green 2010, 656). One of the central claims the plaintiffs in all of these lawsuits made was that the USDA had discriminated against minority farmers in how it handled loans and in how it administered certain agricultural benefit programs. The USDA discrimination in fact led to significant loss of land among the impacted minority farmers, mostly as a result of foreclosure sales that occurred when loan applications were improperly denied or were approved in a very untimely way in comparison to how the USDA processed loan applications from white farmers. Further, as a result of the black farmers’ lawsuit, many in the media reported on the demise of black farmers in general – and some also reported on the plight of other minority farmers. In addition, some in the media also started reporting more generally on the phenomenon of land loss among African-American landowners – in particular, land loss that was attributable to either discrimination or at least to very underhanded, if technically legal, practices (Mitchell 2005, 567). Though the media correctly reported that African-Americans had lost millions of acres of property over the course of several decades, the reporters did not argue that black landowners as a whole were destined to lose all their remaining property, although many reported that the subset of black landowners who were also farmers was in danger of becoming extinct (as some others had been warning for quite some time). Media coverage of land loss within the African-American community revealed that some legal scholars had identified a small number of legal processes that a range of public and private actors have used to force the sale of black-owned land over the course of several decades.

The LSU AgCenter Healthy Communities Initiative: Community-Participatory Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers 16 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs that affect the lives of millions of people and account for roughly two-thirds of USDA's annual budget. In response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, USDA launched additional temporary programs and implemented numerous policy changes that expanded the scope and coverage of existing programs. Together, these programs contributed to $166.4 billion in spending on food and nutrition assistance programs in fiscal year (FY) 2023 (October 1, 2022-September 30, 2023). This report uses preliminary data from USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) to examine program trends and policy changes in USDA's largest domestic food and nutrition assistance programs through FY 2023. It also summarizes two 2023 USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) reports including one that examines the prevalence of household food insecurity in the United States in 2022 and another that documents the share of households with school-aged children reporting that paying for school meals made it difficult to pay for other expenses after pandemic waivers allowing schools to serve free meals expired in 2022.--

The Need for Investment in Rigorous Interventions to Improve Child Food Security

IntroductionMany burn injury victims in the United States live in regions designated as food deserts. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) defines food deserts as low-income areas where a substantial number of residents do not have access to a supermarket. Nutrition is known to be critical to wound healing. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if there is a relationship between residence in a USDA designated food desert, burn patient cormorbidities, and wound healing at an urban academic medical center.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of burn injured patients at an ABA verified urban academic burn center between September 2018 and April 2021. Inclusion criteria were burn injury of less than 20% total body surface area (TBSA), age ≥ 18, and single operation for split thickness skin grafting. Zip codes were used in conjunction with the USDA Food Access Research Atlas to classify residence in food deserts. The primary outcome was donor site time to healing. A multivariable logistical regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for poor wound healing at an urban academic burn center and to determine if residence in a USDA delegated food desert was one of those risk factors.ResultsA total of 150 patients were identified for inclusion from September 2018 through April 2021. There were 73 women (48.7%) and 77 men (51.3%). The median age was 48.5 (IQR 34.0, 58.0). The average body mass index (BMI) was 28.2 (6.6). Age (p=0.60), sex (p=0.35), hypertension (p=0.74), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p=0.076), hyperlipidemia (p=0.77), congestive heart failure (p=0.47), and BMI (p=0.37), and time to donor site healing (p=0.55) were not significantly different between patients who lived in food deserts and those who did not. Patients who lived in food deserts, however, had a higher incidence of diabetes (p=0.05). The multivariable model also shows that time to healing is not different between patients who live in food deserts and those who did not. However, the multivariable model shows that patients with diabetes have an increased time to healing (p=0.002).ConclusionsResidence in a USDA delegated food desert does not significantly influence time to healing of donor sites in burn injured patients. However, diabetes is significantly higher in patients who live in USDA delegated food deserts, and diabetes demonstrates a significant delay in wound healing. This is the first study comparing residence in a USDA food desert, burn patient comorbidities, and time to wound healing in an urban burn population.

Cardiovascular News

ObjectiveThe goal of this scoping review is to examine the published research on federal nutrition assistance programs administered by the United States (U.S.) Department of Agriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the U.S., U.S. territories, and tribal nations. The review will identify the scope of the available research and provide research and policy recommendations.IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic made individuals more vulnerable to experiencing food insecurity. Federal nutrition assistance programs help to address food insecurity and have been rapidly adapting to meet food and nutrition needs among affected communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to understand the scope of the current research on this topic to help inform future research, practice, and policy recommendations.Inclusion criteriaThis review will include studies focused on federal nutrition assistance programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic. The scoping review will consider all primary research designs.MethodsPubmed, CINHAL, Scopus, and Proquest’s Health Management databases will be used for the literature search. Only articles published in English since March 1, 2020 will be considered. Titles/abstracts followed by full-text articles will be reviewed to determine which articles meet the inclusion criteria and should be included in the review. Data will be extracted from each included article using a data extraction template in Covidence that will be developed by the study team. Data extracted will include information on key findings related to the review questions. At each step, two independent reviewers will be assigned to each article. Data will be summarized and presented in tables, charts, and narrative summary.