Family History and Academic Community

Nurses transforming health care using genetics and genomics

Background: Despite advancements in the medical management of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), its prevalence persists as a significant health concern, especially in Western Sub-Saharan Africa. Aims: This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of PUD among university students and to investigate the dietary habits of affected individuals. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 340 students recruited from five faculties at a private university in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data pertaining to socio-demographics, PUD history, identified triggers, and dietary habits were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 26), employing descriptive statistics to summarize findings and Spearman’s correlation to assess associations between variables. Results: The observed prevalence of PUD among the 340 university students was 12.4%. Among those with PUD, a substantial majority were female (87.8%), with 43.9% being in their fourth year of study. Approximately half (51.2%) of the respondents reported experiencing PUD crises 1–3 days per week. More than half were currently on medication, and 12.2% had received prior treatment. Key identified triggers included starvation (90.2%), stress (80.5%), and specific food items (85.4%). Regarding dietary habits, 63.4% occasionally consumed hot spicy foods, 68.3% drank carbonated beverages, 39.0% consumed fatty foods 2–3 times per week, and 29.3% consumed energy drinks. Notably, sex, family history, starvation, and stress demonstrated a significant negative correlation with the frequency of crises (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study elucidates the prevalence of PUD within the university student population and underscores the critical role of lifestyle factors in both the management and prevention of PUD crises within the academic community. Keywords: Peptic Ulcer Disease; University Students; Triggers; Lifestyle; Dietary Habits.

Personalized medicine for diabetes is a potential method to specifically identify people who are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes based on a combination of personal history, family history, physical examination, circulating biomarkers, and genome. High-risk individuals can then be referred to lifestyle programs for risk reduction and disease prevention. Using a personalized medicine approach, a patient with already-diagnosed type 2 diabetes can be treated individually based on information specific to that individual. The field of personalized medicine for diabetes is rapidly exploding. Diabetes Technology Society convened the Personalized Medicine for Diabetes (PMFD) Meeting March 19-20, 2009 in San Francisco. The meeting was funded through a contract from the US Air Force. Diabetes experts from the military, government, academic, and industry communities participated. The purpose was to reach a consensus about PMFD in type 2 diabetes to (a) establish screening programs, (b) diagnose cases at an early stage, and (c) monitor and treat the disease with specific measures. The group defined what a PMFD program should encompass, what the benefits and drawbacks of such a PMFD program would be, and how to overcome barriers. The group reached six conclusions related to the power of PMFD to improve care of type 2 diabetes by resulting in (1) better prediction, (2) better prophylactic interventions, (3) better treatments, and (4) decreased cardiovascular disease burden. Additional research is needed to demonstrate the benefits of this approach. The US Air Force is well positioned to conduct research and develop clinical programs in PMFD.

Diffuse Reticulated Rash in a Newborn.

This article examines the application of schema therapy in combination with genogram analysis to reduce intergenerational trauma in forced migrants. The study addresses the issue of negative beliefs transmitted from older generations to younger ones. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive examination of historical factors that have influenced the social adaptation of these groups. The text provides an analysis of existing developments in migration psychology. The collected data confirm that inherited patterns of anxious perception reduce the ability to establish connections within a new community. The study describes mechanisms for involving family members in the therapeutic process, explores family histories, and analyzes clinical recommendations and expert experiences. The aim of the research is to demonstrate that combining targeted interventions for inherited beliefs with practices that activate internal resources contributes to the more successful integration of forced migrants into a new environment. To achieve this goal, comparative and analytical methods were used. The conclusion outlines promising directions for therapeutic support for families in high-vulnerability zones. This material is intended for psychologists, migration sociology specialists, and the academic community. The proposed conclusions are based on a review of literature sources.

The metabolic syndrome is a construct that has come into common usage over the last few decades. In 1956, Jean Vague1 first demonstrated that upper-body obesity determined predisposition to diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, gout, and renal calculi; however, it was the presentation of this concept by Gerald Reaven in his Banting Lecture in 19882 that initiated the current focus on this entity as a clinical and pathological construct. Dr Reaven suggested that 3 major conditions—non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes mellitus), hypertension, and coronary artery disease—had an causal commonality (resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and hyperinsulinemia) and referred to this constellation of abnormalities as “syndrome X.” He did not include abdominal obesity in the original description, nor did he comment significantly on a potential clinical role for his observations. In fact, his concluding sentences stated, “What remains to be seen is the magnitude of the role that resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake plays in the etiology of human disease. I can only hope that this presentation has outlined the possibilities for future efforts to answer this question.” Response by Kahn p 1818 Since that time, this construct has evolved conceptually and functionally into an entity that many refer to as a “syndrome.” More recently, there have been many questions about the legitimacy of this designation, summarized by Kahn et al3 in a September 2005 position statement for the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Their comments called into question many of the assumptions that underlay the designation of “syndrome,” and they posed the following key questions: How clear is the existing definition of the metabolic syndrome for diagnostic purposes? How useful is the syndrome definition in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk? Do the individual components of the syndrome convey “risk” …

The purpose of this study was to contrast the effects of conventional estrogen treatment with medroxyprogesterone on cancellous and cortical bone change in the first year following premenopausal ovariectomy. This 1-year double-blind randomized therapy trial was stratified by osteoporosis family history and performed in an academic medical center and community hospitals. Premenopausal women 45 +/- 5 years old, postovariectomy for benign diseases were provided 600 mg/day of calcium and randomized to daily therapy with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE, 0.6 mg) or medroxyprogesterone (MPA, 10 mg). The primary outcome variable was spinal quantitative computed tomography (QCT) bone density change over 1 year with additional outcomes of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of proximal femur (FN), whole body (WB), and spine segment (WBS) and N-telopeptide, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and other bone marker, hormonal, and weight changes. Results in the 33 women completing the study, whose initial bone densities were normal (QCT 133 mg/cm3, femoral neck 0.94 g/cm2, whole body DXA 1.13 g/cm2), showed annual QCT loss during CEE therapy of -11.5 mg/cm3 (p < 0.0007) and MPA bone loss of -19.7 mg/cm3 (p < 0.0001). Losses were marginally greater on MPA than CEE (p = 0.04). Extremely high postovariectomy (5 days) and pretreatment resorption markers (> 3 SD above premenopausal normal levels) were significantly related to bone loss. Across the year, resorption decreased during CEE but increased on MPA treatment. Significant DXA bone losses were prevented by CEE treatment (-1.4% FN, -.4% WB, and -1.5% WBS, all NS). However, DXA bone loss was not prevented by MPA treatment (-5% FN, -2.8% WB, and -6.1% WBS, all p < 0.03). Average weight gain was significant (+ 3.2 +/- 4.0 kg) and greater on CEE than MPA (+ 4.7 vs. + 2.0 kg, p = 0.049). In conclusion, CEE therapy did not prevent significant 8% cancellous spinal bone loss in the first year following premenopausal ovariectomy, despite supplementation with 600 mg/day of calcium, good control of vasomotor symptoms, and nearly 5 kg of gain in weight. Significant DXA bone loss, however, was prevented by CEE, but not by MPA therapy. These unexpected results were statistically related to high bone resorption following ovariectomy, which CEE suppressed but MPA did not. Bone formation markers increased during MPA therapy but were unchanged during CEE therapy.

The History of the Batyushkin's Family in Omsk" by Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Dmitry Igorevich Petin, presented to the academic community in January 2022. The book, written in a local history format, is dedicated to the century-and-a-half family saga of the Batyushkin family, shich was influential in pre-revolutionary Omsk. The monograph, using a particular example, also touches upon everyday life, reflecting the numerous transformations of socio-economic and socio-political institutions caused by the turning events of Russian history. The relevance of the research is associated with the high interest of modern historiography in local developments, in which, along with local history stories, there is access to large-scale academic problems. The purpose of our publication is to show the research and practical significance of the work, to highlight and comment on the controversial aspects in the author's interpretation of events. We emphasize that the reviewed publication compares favorably with the developments of historiography on the topic, thanks to the complex of sources used and methodology. The principles of consistency and determinism, problematic and comparative historical methods allow us to analyze the book novelty, to consider it a phenomenon of scientific life, having its own prehistory and content while at the same time being a part of the general system of knowledge on Siberian local lore. The specifics of the topic and the genre of the publication determined the form of our narrative. Along with the key advantages of the monograph, the review reflects our critical judgments, which are seen as possible steps to improve upon the scientific problem in the future. These comments do not reduce the appreciation of the work addressed to a wide range of readers. The author of the review concludes that D.I. Petin has prepared an original and qualitative study, replete with factual material, including the one on the socio-economic history of Omsk of the 19 th -early 20 th centuries. The review is addressed to a wide range of readers, including, first of all, researchers of historical science, historiography, socio-economic history, local history and practical genealogy.

From the Feds

The objectives were to examine the feasibility of offering abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening to consecutive, asymptomatic high-risk patients in a busy emergency department (ED) and to compare the prevalence of undetected AAA among ED patients to the prevalence among similarly aged men from the general population. A prospective cohort study was conducted at an academic community ED with an annual census of 58,000 patients. Dedicated study coordinators attempted to approach all consecutive male ED patients >50 years who presented in June-August 2007 during hours of high patient volume. To be eligible, older males had to have a smoking history or a family history of AAA. Patients were excluded if they presented with AAA symptoms, had a previous history of AAA screening or repair, had hemodynamic instability, or had an altered mental status. Study coordinators completed a brief interview with all enrolled subjects to obtain demographic and health information. A credentialed ED provider performed the ultrasound (US) screening exam and documented all findings. The US director reviewed representative images of the sonographic exam for correct visualization and measurement during quality assurance. The ED sonographers also completed a survey regarding their attitudes toward AAA screening in the ED. The primary study outcomes were the feasibility of AAA screening in the ED (screening rate, enrollment rate, US success rate, and providers' opinions) and the prevalence of AAA (aortic diameter of > or =3.0 cm) in the study sample. During the 12-week study period, the study coordinators successfully approached 96% (700/729) of males > 50 years who were in the ED during study enrollment hours. Of those approached, 278 were eligible (40%), 25% were ineligible, 20% were not at high risk, and for 15% we could not determine risk factor status because of altered mental status. Of the 278 eligible, 196 (70%) underwent an US exam; 10% were not scanned because the providers were too busy, and 20% declined participation. Of those scanned, the ED sonographer was able to completely visualize and correctly measure the abdominal aortas of 71% of subjects. The prevalence rate of AAA in the study sample was 5.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9% to 9.6%), similar to reported rates of 6 or 7% in other studies. More than half of the ED sonographers reported that US screening for AAA improved the quality of ED care (58%) and patient satisfaction (63%). However, 47% reported that AAA screening reduced ED efficiency, and 74% felt that the ED was not an appropriate setting for routine AAA screening. Routine screening for asymptomatic AAA required substantial ED resources for a relatively low success rate of completed screens. The prevalence rate of AAA in our ED sample was not significantly different than prevalence estimates obtained from older men in the general population. ED sonographers reported benefits of screening in terms of improving the quality of emergency care and patient satisfaction, but also reported that it reduced operational efficiency. For EDs that have problems with crowding, we do not recommend implementing a routine screening program for AAA, even among high-risk patients.

The article is based on field materials –– memoirs of the Kola Science Center staff about the Great Patriotic War, as well as materials from the informants’ family archives. The first memoirs presented are those of a participant in military operations on the Volkhov Front. The second story is based on the words of a veteran of a reserve rifle regiment. Memories of the Leningrad blockade are presented through the eyes of a child. Her story emphasizes the horrors of hunger and the high morality of older relatives. The following materials are dedicated to an officer of the Panfilov Division. And the last story is about a veteran of military operations for the defense of the Arctic. The study showed that the materials stored in family archives were collected by representatives of several generations. All families of the academic community of the KSC have a practice of preserving and transmitting family history, especially about heroic and important events and times for the country. Such commemorative activities once again prove the high cultural level of academic families.

ABSTRAK Plak ateroklerosis menyebabkan penyakit jantung koroner, yang menjadi penyebab kematian kedua di negara berkembang. Penyakit jantung koroner menyebabkan 17,9 juta kematian pada tahun 2016—31% dari semua kematian di seluruh dunia. Lebih dari tiga perempat kasus kematian di negara berkembangan disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Aktivitas fisik yang berlebihan, stres, udara yang dingin, pola hidup yang kurang sehat, dan riwayat penyakit jantung dari keluarga adalah faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner. Risiko penyakit jantung koroner meningkat pada penderita yang memiliki banyak faktor risiko penyakit jantung. Oleh karena itu, individu dengan faktor risiko ini disarankan melakukan deteksi dini dengan pemeriksaan rekam jantung secara berkala untuk mencegah dan apabila ditemukan gangguan irama jantung, penderita dapat melakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan berdasarkan gejala klinis dan hasil rekam jantung. Kegiatan pengabdian bertujuan untuk deteksi dini penyakit jantung koroner melalui pemeriksaan rekam jantung pada sivitas akademika Universitas Khairun. Metode yang dilakukan adalah pemeriksaan rekam jantung dan melakukan tanya jawab terkait keluhan yang dirasakan saat diperiksa. Hasil yang didapatkan dari kegiatan ini tedapat 14 orang yang memiliki hasil rekam jantung yang bervariasi. Dari kegiatan perlu adanya pemantauan berkala terhadap risiko penyakit jantung koroner agar dapat mencegah terjadinya penyakit jantung dan meningkatkan kualitas kerja sivitas akademika Universitas Khairun. Kata Kunci: Deteksi Dini, Penyakit Jantung Koroner, Pemeriksaan Rekam Jantung ABSTRACT Plaque atherosclerosis causes coronary heart disease, which is the second leading cause of death in developing countries. Coronary heart disease caused 17.9 million deaths in 2016-31% of all deaths worldwide. More than three-quarters of deaths in developing countries are caused by heart and vascular diseases. Excessive physical activity, stress, cold weather, unhealthy lifestyle, and family history of heart disease are risk factors for coronary heart disease. The risk of coronary heart disease increases in patients who have many risk factors for heart disease. Therefore, individuals with these risk factors are advised to do early detection with regular heart record checks to prevent and if heart rhythm disturbances are found, patients can undergo further examination based on clinical symptoms and heart record results. The service activity aims to early detection of coronary heart disease through electrocardiogram checks in the academic community of Khairun University. The method used was heart record examination and questioning related to complaints felt when examined. The results obtained from this activity were 14 people who had varying electrocardiogram results. From the activity, it is necessary to periodically monitor the risk of coronary heart disease in order to prevent the occurrence of heart disease. Keywords: Early Detection, Coronary Heart Disease, Electrocardiogram Examination

In spite of their widespread use in other fields, global measures of health are not commonly used in determining the prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The objective of the present study was to ascertain the relationship between self-assessed physical health at the time of the MI and long-term mortality. This was a prospective cohort study of 284 patients with MI admitted to an academic community hospital between July 1995 and December 1996 who completed the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The physical component scale from the SF-36 was used as a self-assessment of physical health. All-cause mortality was assessed 10 years later by using the Social Security Death Index. Patients with lower self-reported physical health were significantly more likely to be women; older; depressed; have a history of coronary artery disease; have a family history of MI; have a non-Q wave MI; have a Killip class 3 or 4 MI; have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and have a longer hospitalization period. Patients with higher physical component scores had significantly lower mortality in the 10 years after MI and this persisted after adjusting for confounders (hazard ratio = 0.97 [95% CI 0.96-0.99], P = .001). These data suggest that self-assessed physical health provides information on the long-term prognosis of patients with MI above and beyond that provided by traditional risk predictors.