Failure of dietary bentonite clay, Silent Herder mineral supplement, or parenteral Banamine to alleviate locoweed toxicosis in rats.

Abstract

To evaluate treatments purportedly beneficial for livestock grazing locoweeds (LW), growing rats were fed diets containing 10 or 20% whole-plant Oxytropis sericea (LW) with and without Silent Herder mineral mix (1.5% of diet) or bentonite clay (1.5% of diet). Pregnant female rats fed 10% LW were treated i.m. with Banamine (a prostaglandins suppressor) or saline. The LW contained swainsonine (430 micrograms/g DM) and elicited toxicosis within 10 d at intake of 2 mg/kg BW. In Trial 1, 96 immature male Sprague-Dawley rats (BW approximately 100 g) were fed commercial rat feed (CRF) with and without LW, as follows: 100% CRF, free choice; 100% CRF, restricted intake to equal average intake of rats consuming 10 and 20% LW; 90% CRF+10% LW free choice; and 80% CRF+20% LW free choice. Diets with LW contained either no supplement or supplemental mineral mixture (Silent Herder, 1.5% of diet) or added bentonite clay (1.5% of diet). Twelve rats received each of eight dietary regimens through 28 d. Locoweed depressed (P < .05) feed intake and BW gain, increased (P < .05) relative size of liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, and testes, and altered blood serum components (P < .05) indicating toxicosis. Dietary provision of Silent Herder or bentonite failed to benefit rats that ingested approximately 4 or 8 mg of swainsonine/kg BW daily through 28 d. In Trial 2, 68 young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (approximately 230 g BW) were mated and directly assigned to three diets (100% CRF, free choice, 100% CRF, intake restricted slightly below average intake of diet by rats consuming LW, or 90% CRF+10% LW free choice) and two treatments (i.m. saline or i.m. Banamine at .25 mg/kg BW daily for 10 d) in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. Approximately half (31 of 68) of the impregnated rats were killed at d 10, when Banamine was discontinued, but diets were continued until the remaining females gave birth. Ingested LW provided approximately 2 mg swainsonine/kg BW daily and elicited toxicosis in 10 d, but LW failed to affect numbers of live concepti at d 10 (P > .5) or numbers of offspring at parturition (P > .10). Banamine did not alleviate LW toxicosis of dams (P > .10). Provision of Silent Herder or bentonite in the diet or Banamine i.m. had no benefit for rats fed toxic locoweed.