Abstract
The deformations and failure mechanisms of the tunnel face in a shallow ground were studied using a geotechnical centrifuge. The test setup comprised of a half section of tunnel of diameter (D) of 10 cm with a movable rigid face plate, both created using 3D printing technique. The plate was attached to a displacement-control actuator which moved into the tunnel to generate ground failure. In the testings, the ground of Nevada sand was prepared in a rigid test box to render different shallow burial depths C simulating C/D ratios of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7. Dry, moist (5% water content), and saturated conditions were considered. The transparent wall of the test box allowed direct visualization and recording of deformations, and subsequent image analysis. The C/D ratios and water contents affected the vertical stress distribution in the ground. The observed failure surfaces were comparable with the mechanisms proposed by Horn.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
