Factum Foundation: a conversation with Adam Lowe

The paper examined the force and essentiality of historic preservation with TDR mechanism in Da-Dao-Cheng historical district, and discussed the transformation of physical forms and the different urban managers’ practice of design-process in the projects of the city-state . The author try to connect theories of historic preservation with the context of Taiwan , and re-theorize the process of social replacement and transformation of space by analyzing the dynamic relationship of historic preservation ,city-state, and capitalism. Through studies about historic preservation of the project with TDR mechanism of the city-state , the spatial and social process which some professionals or agents practice in build forms , users and their usage of some specific dwelling units ,the paper proposed to analyze not only how these architecture types transformed themselves in physical forms under the expansion of capitalism ,but also ,diachronically , why and how some cultural forms of space been attached definite social meaning through respective social process and reproduction .The authors’ argument is that the myth of TDR mechanism for historic preservation in urban is the unawareness of the complex relationships among city-state , urban managers ,and capitalism . The paper statement is that the becoming , development and transformation of the houses were the outcomes of space commodification . Penetrating by logics of capitalism ,the city-state’s urban proposed not only to facilitate and justify architecture types of real estate housing projects through modern infrastructures well equipping , but also to induce historic preservation structurally . The latter especially help to release the pressure of spatial occupancy competition within urban boundaries and consequently guided the disposition of capital outwards. In conclusion , there are fine points of analysis in this paper :1.The essentiality of historic preservation in Da-Dao-Cheng historical district is the reproduction of social relation in the process of city-state intervention and space commodification: Historic preservation is community preservation , is humanism in practice .2. The field of historic preservation in Da-Dao-Cheng historical district is the struggle against urban managers : Owners , Profession , Scholar , Speculators ,Architects , and Brokers . 3.Corroding ! TDR mechanism is a crisis of alteration which is corroding the purpose of historic preservation in Da-Dao-Cheng historical district 4.Epistenmology: Historic preservation is conscious of the general crisis of capitalism , is humanism in practice , is to return from the experience of historic significance , and it is so sorry about reality that space commodification is the advantage of historic preservation in Da-Dao-Cheng historical district right now .5. ,the author’s opinion is that“ resentment ”really is the force and essentiality of historic preservation in capitalist society . The author’s main argument is that the relation of production of historic preservation with TDR mechanism in Da-Dao-Cheng historical district is still covered . The author believes that city was the field represented class struggles and their values conflicted . Dwelling modes of living within houses emerged as the outcomes of commodification process of spaces institutionalized by dominant class and state intervention . For the sake to grasp real easte interests , city- state gave houses in Da-Dao-Cheng historical district definite social meaning institutionally . Form this paper the houses in Da-Dao-Cheng historical district witnessed to be not the commodity or the physical existence for dwelling , but the objects constructed by comdified floating social relationship , produced by capitalist society . Finally , the author still warned everyone against the crisis of the duality of goods ,and was in order to prevent the cultural form of space with historic preservation in Da-Dao-Cheng historical district against corroding

While the use of computers for humanities and social science research has a long history1, the immense success of networked personal computing has made both physical machines and software more accessible to scholars. But even more importantly, digital artifacts now populate every corner of post-industrial societies. This means that besides the study of non-digital objects and phenomena with the help of computers, there now is a continuously expanding space of cultural production and social interaction riddled by machine mediation, which has been, from the beginning, tied to digital schemes and formats. An obvious effect of this expansion has been the explosion of material available in digital form. ‘Traditional’ cultural artifacts like books or movies, ‘native’ digital forms such as software programs, online publications or computer games, and a deluge of all kinds of ‘information’ – logged traces of use practices, online interaction, and so forth – contribute to a growing mountain of data begging to be analysed.

Among the least investigated aspects in historical architecture, one is the microclimatic behaviour linked to the preventive conservation of cultural heritage. This aspect should be studied intensively since it is closely related to any deterioration phenomenon of materials and can have a crucial role in updating management systems of cultural sites. Today the sensors that monitor environmental parameters can transfer data in real time into a continuous monitoring logic (cloud platforms) and this, in addition to the development of software capable of modelling the thermo-hygrometric behaviour of buildings, opens up new lines of research. The authors believe that it represents one of the most promising areas of investigation and capable of offering greater results in terms of preventive and planned measures. This contribution collects an experience recently conducted, financed by the Ministry of University and Research, in one of the most prestigious Italian museums, the National Archaeological Museum of Naples (MANN). The monitoring and modelling methodologies are illustrated, as well as the objectives of the intervention, with a view to a fruition that holds the psycho-physical well-being of staff and visitors and the conservation of heritage as close as possible. The results are closely linked to the pandemic experience, with the secondary objective of risk prevention for people and cultural heritage.

The use of Digital technology with micro controllers and robotics is gaining momentum in development within experimental interactive architecture. Interactive architecture is being used diversely in the whole field of architecture, as a model or a methodology in which the digital and physical forms can exchange information in realtime. In essence, interactive architecture has to be built within a digital and physical space, simultaneously. If an architect doesn't have the technical information for building micro controllers and using robotics or the programming technology for form control, it is impossible to create an interactive form. An adequate interactive form can not be designed or constructed with only with simple 2D and 3D digital modeling. This research is intended to propose a methodology using an algorithm for form control and micro control, from a constructive point of view. In interactive architecture planning, an approach to controlling objects individually as minimum units of form is required, in order to exchange information between the digital and physical form in realtime. As an alternative, a design using parameters is being presented. This design using parameters contains a similar meaning as a form generation algorithm, and this enables the user to form and enter an algorithm in person, by recognizing form composition logics. Ultimately, this study proposes a methodology for the construction of an interactive form, and a prototype of an architectural skin in interactive architecture. It also introduces a structure to apply a digital form in realtime using control technology and to reflect it in reality, and provides a scenario, a prototype and a unit for practical application. Based on this process, this research introduces a methodology of a micro control-based architectural skin construction of interaction architecture design which a music theory is applied to.

This open access book offers a comprehensive overview of the role and potential of microorganisms in the degradation and preservation of cultural materials (e.g. stone, metals, graphic documents, textiles, paintings, glass, etc.). Microorganisms are a major cause of deterioration in cultural artefacts, both in the case of outdoor monuments and archaeological finds. This book covers the microorganisms involved in biodeterioration and control methods used to reduce their impact on cultural artefacts. Additionally, the reader will learn more about how microorganisms can be used for the preservation and protection of cultural artefacts through bio-based and eco-friendly materials. New avenues for developing methods and materials for the conservation of cultural artefacts are discussed, together with concrete advances in terms of sustainability, effectiveness and toxicity, making the book essential reading for anyone interested in microbiology and the preservation of cultural heritage.

Cultural heritage reconstruction and preservation encompass a broad range of practices aimed at safeguarding the historical, architectural, and intangible elements of our shared past. This field recognizes the significance of cultural heritage not only as a testament to human creativity and resilience but also as a vital component of identity for communities and nations. As societies evolve, they face numerous challenges, including urbanization, climate change, conflict, and neglect, which threaten to erase invaluable cultural artifacts and sites. Thus, the importance of reconstructing and preserving these elements becomes paramount. The practice of cultural heritage preservation involves meticulous documentation, restoration, and conservation efforts, often relying on interdisciplinary approaches that blend history, archaeology, architecture, and art conservation. Advances in technology, such as 3D scanning and digital modeling, have revolutionized how we approach heritage preservation.

Archives have an important role in the preservation of cultural heritage buildings by the form of information about the history and development of cultural heritage buildings. Archives of heritage buildings are dynamic archives that are vital. Management thus must take priority. This study aims to the use of archives in the preservation of cultural heritage in Indonesia. A systematic review method was used with a qualitative approach. Collection data methods were conducted by planning, implementation, and reporting. The findings showed there are only two articles that review the archives in preservation heritage. Furthermore, our challenge is the lack of cultural heritage documents that most archives used were under regulations on the preservation of cultural heritage. Almost all articles thus showed a preservation model on physical forms and cultural heritage buildings.

The climate is changing, and sea level is rising. Pacific Islanders like those in Kosrae, Micronesia face significant risk of losing their way of life, as well as their historic and cultural artifacts. Aerial photogrammetry and virtual reality can help support historic preservation efforts to mitigate these effects of climate change. Aerial drone flights offer unique points of view of archaeological ruins not otherwise accessible from the ground, and virtual reality offers unique experiences of those same artifacts, empowering more effective decisions that support their historic preservation.

Historic and cultural preservation is a significant issue for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) seeking to safeguard important historic places, preserve unique cultural practices, and receive official recognition of civic contributions. However, few sites associated with AAPI history and cultures have been recognized as landmarks. With the fiftieth anniversary of the Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the Department of the Interior and the National Park Service have embarked on an Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Initiative to explore how the legacy of AAPIs can be recognized, preserved, and interpreted for future generations. To understand what we could be commemorating on the act’s fifieth anniversary, this essay will offer policy recommendations for preserving, landmarking, and interpreting AAPI historic and cultural sites into 2040 and beyond.

Exhibition design in museum space is of great significance in enhancing cultural attraction, visitor experience, and heritage conservation. With the growth of spiritual and cultural needs, the construction of museums has increased, but the quality of exhibitions has been improved to a limited extent. In order to explore visitors’ perceptual experience in terms of display forms, this paper combines eye-tracking technology and subjective evaluation to select three display forms, namely, stand-alone display form, combined picture and object form, and combined 3D object and physical form, for the research. Combining field research, eye-tracking experiments, and subjective questionnaire evaluations, this study explores the relationship between visual perception and emotional experience in different display formats. The results showed that (1) the effects of different display formats differed between visual perception and emotional experience, and (2) there is some correlation between visual perception and emotional experience. Specifically, the number of fixations sessions was negatively correlated with fun, richness, comfort, and attractiveness and positively correlated with authenticity, while the average fixation time was positively correlated with the former and negatively correlated with authenticity. Combining the two dimensions, the study concluded that visitors’ experience satisfaction and preference are high in response to the form combining 3D objects and physical objects; the exhibition form of combining pictures and physical objects produces a higher degree of cognition in a short period of time; and the stand-alone display form has the lowest degree of preference, with poor information retention among visitors. It is hoped that this study will provide some reference for the use of exhibition forms in historical museums.

For many historic engineering structures, including early 20th-century truss bridges, no comprehensive technical documentation has survived, making them highly vulnerable to irreversible loss. This study addresses this challenge by developing and testing a non-invasive, UAV-based photogrammetric methodology for the comprehensive documentation of the Niestępowo railway viaduct in Northern Poland. A dense geodetic control network was established using GNSS and total station measurements, providing a metrically verified reference framework for 3D reconstruction. Two photogrammetric software platforms—Bentley ContextCapture and Agisoft Metashape—were employed and comparatively evaluated in terms of processing workflow, accuracy, and model fidelity. To ensure methodological robustness, both tools were used for cross-validation of the generated 3D models and for the comparative assessment of their dimensional consistency against archival documentation. The results confirm that both platforms can produce highly accurate, photorealistic 3D models suitable for engineering inventory and heritage preservation, with Agisoft Metashape yielding slightly higher geometric precision, while Bentley ContextCapture ensured superior automation for large datasets. The generated 3D models reproduced details such as rivets, cracks, and corrosion marks with millimeter-level accuracy. The presented workflow demonstrates the potential of UAV photogrammetry as a reliable and scalable method for safeguarding cultural and technical heritage. By enabling the creation of metrically precise digital archives of historic bridges, the methodology supports future conservation, monitoring, and restoration efforts—preserving not only physical form but also the historical and engineering legacy of these structures.

I n Space, Time and Architecture, Sigfried Giedion noted that town planning, as he called it, was the last department of architecture to take form in any period. Baroque planning, for example, with its emphasis on ceremonial promenades, central focal points, and axial perspectives, remained dominant during the nineteenth century, long after industrialization had radically changed not only everyday life but the structure and surface of the city as well. The same could be said today: city planning lags far behind the architectural and structural changes occurring within our cities: changes such as the gentrification of vast areas of the central city, historic preservation in control of larger and larger fragments of the city, the rise of entertainment zones, or the mallification of downtown shopping streets. There are other changes as well, such as the rise of world-class cities, the service centers of late capitalism which reflect the specifc needs and spatial politics of multinational corporations. Many of these cities have simultaneously lost or reduced their industrial base. Another transformation is apparent in the development of the polynucleated metropolitan region, an occurrence that makes obsolete the old center-periphery location theories of urban growth. What does the theory of city planning have to say about all of these changes? There are apparent rumblings in spasmodic fashion that something should happen, that city planning might return to focus on its physical form. Tokyo planners may be taking the lead. If Paris was the capital of the nineteenth century; and New York that of the twentieth century, then Tokyo, they proclaim, as the first high-tech city will be the capital of the twenty-first century. On a man-made island in Tokyo Bay a $12 billion teleport of office buildings, cultural halls, and telecommunication stations is being built. A bridge is under construction from this island to the shore where a selfcontained village. River City. is being erected, containing hotels, shopping malls, theaters, and high-rise condominiums for 7,500 people. Another 177 projects are on the drawing boards, most of them to be located in Tokyo Ba3: All of this is reminiscent of Kenzo Tange's ~'Tokyo 1960" city plan in which he foresaw that cities of the 10 million population class were becoming consumption cities, their per capita income was already far beyond that which was necessary to satisfy basic needs. These cities were organized by invisible networks of communication, information, and energy channels; and consequently it became the task of architects and planners to provide the visible structure for this information society. In New York City, the consumption capital of the twentieth century, some architects are beginning to call for at least a reevaluation of the building boom of the last decade and a return to ethics that should lie at the core o f the profession. Critical of the postmodern void that looms at the heart of the profession, they see a self-serving architecture of gigantic monumentali ty which is dramatically out of scale with the rest of the city. Representative of corporate egotism and the vapidness of luxury development, this "decotecture" is the result of the municipal government's promotion of real estate development whatever be the cost to the social and physical fabric of the city. Nobody within the government or architectural profession, much less among city planners, asks what kind of city do we want and why? Recently, The New Yorker announced the resuscitation of Lewis Mumford's old column "Sky l ine ." which he wrote for some thirty-odd years, because it is believed that New York City is currently in a much more perilous condition than it was in 1931. The city government has been giving the city away: through zoning bonuses to real estate developers that do not deserve or need them; by a passive city planning commission whose infrequent actions tend ignorantly to promote development in the wrong parts of town; by a onesided development game in which the tax base is always the winner and light, air, circulation, and the pedestrian, the continual losers. In short, neither the profession of architecture nor that of city planning has any concept or theory to deal with the city as an entity, rather than fragmented into bits and pieces: and neither hold out any vision of what the city might be as it enters the last decade of the twentieth century.

PurposeThe peoples living in the Balkan Peninsula over centuries have created a very rich cultural heritage and the constant political upheavals in the region have affected the development and preservation of their cultures. This paper aims to review the internet infrastructure and networked readiness levels of the Balkan countries, which are conducive to scientific co‐operation and preservation of digitised cultural heritage. It also explores the destructive effects of wars on the cultural riches of the region.Design/methodology/approachThe internet facilities and the scientific production of the Balkan countries were identified using published sources and Thomson's Web of Science database. A game‐theoretic approach was used to expound the consequences of wars and the adverse effects of the nation‐building process on cultural heritage artefacts.FindingsBalkan countries lack sound internet infrastructures, hindering their contributions to the world of science and stifling scientific co‐operation among themselves in terms of joint papers. The co‐ordinated efforts have yet to exist to streamline the digital preservation of the unique cultural heritage of the Balkan countries.Originality/valueThis paper discusses the impact of the nation‐building process on cultural and scientific heritage artefacts using the concepts of the “game theory”. It reinforces the fact that destroying the cultural heritage artefacts during wars is not a “zero‐sum game” in which the dominant culture wins and the “other” culture loses. It is not even a “lose‐lose game” in which both parties lose. Rather, humanity loses part of its whole cultural heritage forever.

This research paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the digitization, preservation, and dance narrative exploration of Hebei's red music cultural heritage. The study investigates the multifaceted relationship between red music, digital technologies, and dance narratives, aiming to contribute significantly to the theoretical underpinnings and practical strategies for preserving and reinterpreting this unique musical tradition. Through a multidisciplinary lens, the research delves into the theoretical foundations, historical significance, and innovative methods employed to safeguard and transmit the rich narratives embedded within Hebei's red music.Drawing on existing literature, the paper highlights the pivotal role of digital technologies in preserving red music artifacts, including high-resolution audio recording, 3D scanning, and digital archiving systems. It also explores the application of dance narratives as a means to vividly recreate historical contexts and emotional depth inherent in red music compositions. Moreover, the study identifies gaps in current research, emphasizing the need for comprehensive studies addressing the intersection of digital preservation, musical heritage restoration, and dance narrative strategies within the context of China's red music culture.The research findings underscore the effectiveness of innovative choreographic approaches in recontextualizing red music narratives, as well as the potential of multimedia, virtual reality, and augmented reality technologies in designing immersive experiences that enrich audience engagement with this cultural heritage. The implications for practice and policy emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration, advanced digitization projects, and educational initiatives to ensure the continued vitality and relevance of Hebei's red music cultural heritage.

PT. Sinar Kencana Jaya Abadi is a company engaged in sanitary sector since 1995. With advances in technology, of course, marketing is not only in physical form, but also in digital forms, such as websites. Created a useful website to increase sales. The website was created so that people can find out more about what field this PT is engaged in, as well as the background of this PT. Sinar Kencana Jaya Abadi. This website was developed using the CodeIgniter framework, and the use of MySQL as a database. This research is useful for introducing PT Sinar Kencana Jaya Abadi to various external customers, so that it can be easier to find out what is being traded. The results of the study found that the application system functions properly and properly so that the application system can be checked out and stored shipping data into a database.