Factors Related to Severity, Hospitalization, and Mortality of COVID-19 Infection among Patients with Autoimmune Diseases.

Background:In about 10% of patients, the immune response to immune check-point inhibitors (ICI) exceeds the anti-tumor response and leads to autoimmune complications (immune-related Adverse Events, irAEs), which can sometimes be...

Autoimmune diseases are chronic conditions initiated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. They constitute heterogeneous group of disorders, in which multiple alterations in the immune system result in a spectrum of syndromes that either target specific organs or affect the body systematically. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a possible shift of one autoimmune disease to another or the fact that more than one autoimmune disease may coexist in a single patient or in the same family. Numerous autoimmune diseases have been shown to coexist frequently with thyroid autoimmune diseases. AUTOIMMNUNE THYROID DISEASE AND OTHER ORGAN SPECIFIC NON-ENDOCRINE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: This part of the study reviews the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease coexisting with: pernicious anaemia, vitiligo, celiac disease, autoimmune liver disease, miastenia gravis, alopecia areata and sclerosis multiplex, and several recommendations for screening have been given. AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE AND OTHER ORGAN NON-SPECIFIC NON-ENDOCRINE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: Special attention is given to the correlation between autoimmune thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, syndrome Sjögren, systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue disease. Screening for autoimmune thyroid diseases should be recommended in everyday clinical practice, in patients with primary organ-specific or organ non-specific autoimmune disease. Otherwise, in patients with primary thyroid autoimmune disease, there is no good reason of seeking for all other autoimmune diseases, although these patients have a greater risk of developing other autoimmune disease. Economic aspects of medicine require further analyzing of these data, from cost/benefit point of view to justified either mandatory screening or medical practitioner judgment.

Autoimmune diseases are independently associated with COVID-19 severity: Evidence based on adjusted effect estimates

Presence of Other Autoimmune Diseases in Subjects with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Thanks to advances in research, it may soon be easier to diagnose autoimmune diseases earlier, but therapy remains a tricky problem

P012 Patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune and inflammatory diseases treated by anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibodies at gustave roussy cancer center

Purpose of reviewThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between infection with SARS-CoV-2 and autoimmunity.Recent findingsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although most of the infected individuals are asymptomatic, a proportion of patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease with multiple organ injuries. Evidence suggests that some medications used to treat autoimmune rheumatologic diseases might have therapeutic effect in patients with severe COVID-19 infections, drawing attention to the relationship between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases. COVID-19 shares similarities with autoimmune diseases in clinical manifestations, immune responses and pathogenic mechanisms. Robust immune reactions participate in the pathogenesis of both disease conditions. Autoantibodies as a hallmark of autoimmune diseases can also be detected in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, some patients have been reported to develop autoimmune diseases, such as Guillain--Barré syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus, after COVID-19 infection. It is speculated that SARS-CoV-2 can disturb self-tolerance and trigger autoimmune responses through cross-reactivity with host cells. The infection risk and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases remains controversial, but patient adherence to medication regimens to prevent autoimmune disease flares is strongly recommended.SummaryWe present a review of the association between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases, focusing on similarities in immune responses, cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2, the development of autoimmune diseases in COVID-19 patients and the risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with preexisting autoimmune conditions.

Efficacy and Safety of Anti-CD19 and Anti-BCMA Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapies in Patients with Autoimmune Disease and Lymphoma or Myeloma

Prevalence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in patients with autoimmune diseases

Characteristics of COVID-19 disease in multiple sclerosis patients

Timely diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), especially in high-risk populations, is crucial for preventing serious health complications. T1D is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease that has presymptomatic stages that can be identified through the detection of islet autoantibodies. Given that T1D is associated with other autoimmune diseases, having either those diseases or a family history of them will represent a risk of T1D. From a search of the literature conducted in August 2024, we review here the evidence for the risk of either T1D or the development of T1D in association with other autoimmune diseases or a family history of those diseases. Increased risk of subsequent T1D development was identified for individuals with autoimmune diseases, including coeliac disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune Addison's disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, primary biliary cholangitis, ulcerative colitis, vitiligo, and myasthenia gravis. Increased prevalence of diabetes-associated autoantibody positivity was found among non-diabetic individuals with coeliac and autoimmune thyroid diseases compared with individuals without these autoimmune diseases. Increased risk of T1D was also found for individuals with a family history of autoimmune diseases, including coeliac disease, thyroid disease, Addison's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, autoimmune liver disease, pernicious anaemia, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. This review highlights how certain individuals at risk of T1D can be identified to offer them islet autoantibody screening and, thereby, early detection of T1D.

Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease affecting the skin and mucosa, which mostly in anecdotal reports has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of autoimmune diseases in a large group of patients with pemphigus and their first-degree relatives. One hundred and ten patients with pemphigus were interviewed for the existence of various autoimmune diseases. Patients' sera were examined for the presence of several autoantibodies. The existence of autoimmune diseases in 969 first-degree relatives of the patients was assessed via questionnaires. Seven of 110 (6.3%) patients with pemphigus had concurrent autoimmune diseases, including four (3.6%) with autoimmune thyroid disease and three (2.7%) with rheumatoid arthritis. Ten of 969 (1.03%) first-degree relatives of patients with pemphigus had autoimmune thyroid disease, three (0.31%) had rheumatoid arthritis, and three (0.31%) had type 1 diabetes mellitus. The patient's group had a statistically significant higher prevalence of thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis than their first-degree relatives (P = 0.046 and 0.016 respectively). Patients with pemphigus seem to have a higher rate of autoimmune thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis than both the general population and their own first-degree relatives. Further studies comparing patients with pemphigus with healthy controls are needed to stratify their risk factors for developing other autoimmune diseases and to define guidelines regarding diagnosis and treatment of coexistent autoimmune disorders.

BackgroundAutoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndromes (APS) include heterogeneous clinical conditions characterized by functional alterations of at least one endocrine gland associated with other autoimmune diseases.APS-1 is a rare disease due to gene...

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a new member of the IL-1 family, and ST2 is its specific receptor. In recent years, researches of IL-33/ST2 in autoimmune diseases have drawn extensive interest. IL-33-related autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren syndrome, systemic sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune thyroid disease. This article reviews researches on the relationship between IL-33/ST2 and autoimmune diseases. Key words: Interleukins; Receptors, interleukin; Auto immune diseases

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially fatal autoimmune blistering skin disease. It is known that individuals with autoimmune diseases such as PV, as well as their family members, are at increased risk of developing other autoimmune diseases. However, it is unknown whether there are specific autoimmune diseases that cluster with PV. To investigate the frequency of coexisting autoimmune diseases in patients with PV and their relatives, to determine the prevalence of specific autoimmune diseases in patients with PV vs. the general population and to identify statistically significant clinical clusters linking PV with other autoimmune disorders. We performed a cross-sectional study and meta-analysis of patient data from our own patient database (n = 230), an anonymous online survey conducted by our laboratory (n = 171) and the International Pemphigus & Pemphigoid Foundation registry (n = 393). We found that the prevalences of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes were significantly increased in patients with PV compared with the general population. These diseases were also among the most frequent in family members of patients with PV, in addition to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Descriptive cluster analysis using basic principle components methods revealed that PV forms a distinct cluster with AITD, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, and another cluster with SLE, AITD and rheumatoid arthritis. PV belongs to an established autoimmune disease cluster that includes AITD, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. Our data suggest the possibility of common genetic elements across clinically distinct diseases that might underlie autoimmune susceptibility.