Abstract
In geotechnical engineering, there is a need to propose a practical, reliable and accurate way for the estimation of pile bearing capacity. A direct measure of this parameter is difficult and expensive to achieve on-site, and needs a series of machine settings. This study aims to introduce a process for selecting the most important parameters in the area of pile capacity and to propose several tree-based techniques for forecasting the pile bearing capacity, all of which are fully intelligent. In terms of the first objective, pile length, hammer drop height, pile diameter, hammer weight, and N values of the standard penetration test were selected as the most important factors for estimating pile capacity. These were then used as model inputs in different tree-based techniques, i.e., decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and gradient boosted tree (GBT) in order to predict pile friction bearing capacity. This was implemented with the help of 130 High Strain Dynamic Load tests which were conducted in the Kepong area, Malaysia. The developed tree-based models were assessed using various statistical indices and the best performance with the lowest system error was obtained by the GBT technique. The coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.901 and 0.816 for the train and test parts of the GBT model, respectively, showed the power and capability of this tree-based model in estimating pile friction bearing capacity. The GBT model and the input selection process proposed in this research can be introduced as a new, powerful, and practical methodology to predict pile capacity in real projects.
Highlights
Introduction iationsThere are several types of deep foundations, for instance, piles and caissons, which are required in situations where the soil is not able to support structural loads at a shallow depth
The load applied at the top of the pile head is transferred to the soil where the load is partially taken by normal stress at the pile base and the remaining load is taken by the lateral pile-soil interface via shear stress [1]
The mentioned were identified as pile length, Standard Penetration Test (SPT)-N average and hammer drop height
Summary
There are several types of deep foundations, for instance, piles and caissons, which are required in situations where the soil is not able to support structural loads at a shallow depth. The main objective of the pile foundation is to transmit the structural load to deeper bearing strata in order to withstand the axial, lateral, and uplift load and to minimize the settlement. The end bearing pile is a pile that transmits the structural load to a hard and incompressible stratum where the required bearing capacity is derived from end bearing at the pile base [2]. As for the friction pile, the pile-bearing capacity is derived from skin friction and cohesion between the pile surface and Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
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