Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global epidemic, and growing trends in overweight and obesity are evident in both developed and developing countries. Obesity has a profound effect on the child's life, increases the risk of multiple childhood health problems, and can create emotional and social problems. Obese children become obese adults, increasing the risk of serious health problems such as cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes, lung, malignant, skeletal and muscular diseases. Worldwide, obesity is second only to smoking as a cause of premature death. OBJECTIVE of the present study is to systematize obesity factors in students to bring out guidelines for tackling it. Depending on the degree of accumulation of fat, this condition qualifies as overweight or obese. Childhood obesity is associated with a number of cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL levels and hypertension. The main factors for obesity in children are genetic, nutritional, psychological, degree of physical activity. Studies have shown that overweight is associated with the FTO gene, and strong association with BMI and weight in children is established. The effect in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) is associated with a severe and early form of monogenic obesity in children. Contemporary eating habits have an important impact on the development of childhood obesity, fast food consumption is associated with higher intake of sugar beverages and french fries and lower intake of milk, fruit and vegetables. In recent years, the leading factor in increasing non-obesity in adolescence is the long-term stay in front of various electronic receivers - a television screen, a computer or a computer game. Knowledge of these factors is essential for the preparation of both a comprehensive strategy for the prevention of obesity and the preparation of an individual program for each student. Prevention of obesity in childhood is essential for good health in the future, as well as the creation of proper motor and eating habits.
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