Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes, a rising global health problem, requires continuous self-care practice to prevent acute and chronic complications. However, studies show that few diabetes patients practice the recommended self-care in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with self-care practice among adult diabetes patients in public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 257 diabetes patients (mean age 42.9 ± 14.6 years, 54.1% male) completed the survey in Afan Oromo and Amharic languages. A questionnaire consisting standardized tools was used to collect the data. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.ResultsThe mean score for diabetes self-care was 39.8 ± 9.5 and 45.5% of the participants scored below the mean. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that having higher diabetes knowledge (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.22, 4.80), self-efficacy (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.64, 6.62), social support (AOR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.37, 5.96), secondary school education (AOR = 6.0, 95% CI = 1.90, 18.85), and longer duration of diabetes (AOR = 5.55, 95% CI = 2.29, 13.44) were important predictors of good diabetes self-care practice.ConclusionThe diabetes education programs should use strategies that enhance patients’ diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and social support. Patients with recent diabetes diagnosis need special attention as they may relatively lack knowledge and skills in self-care. Further studies are needed to elucidate pathways through which diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, social support, and health literacy affect diabetes self-care.
Highlights
Diabetes, a rising global health problem, requires continuous self-care practice to prevent acute and chronic complications
Most of the study participants scored above the mean on diabetes knowledge scale (53.3%), self-efficacy scale (54.1%), and social support scale (62.6%)
This study revealed that participants in this study had modest self-care practice though the proportion of those who scored above the mean in the overall Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) was 54.5% which is a bit higher than the findings reported by previous studies from Ethiopia [29, 30] and Kenya [58]
Summary
A rising global health problem, requires continuous self-care practice to prevent acute and chronic complications. Studies show that few diabetes patients practice the recommended self-care in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with self-care practice among adult diabetes patients in public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Diabetes is one of the major global health problems [1] that requires continuous self-care practices for the prevention of both acute and long-term complications [2]. [3] The number of people living with diabetes will likely double in the coming decades [1, 4, 5] It will even more than double in sub-Saharan Africa where the rapid demographic, sociocultural, and. Diabetes constitutes 6.5% of the causes for hospital admission in Ethiopia, with diabetic foot ulcer/gangrene
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