Abstract
BackgroundTo evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with myopia and high myopia in children in South Korea.MethodsA total of 983 children 5–18 years of age who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2017 (KNHANES VII), a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study, were evaluated. Myopia and high myopia were defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ − 0.5 diopters (D) and SE ≤ --6.0 D. The association between refractive errors and potential risk factors for myopia was analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 65.4 and 6.9%, respectively. Older age and parental myopia were significantly associated with both myopia and high myopia, while higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with high myopia only. Although the proportion of subjects who spent more time on near work activities (≥4 h/day) was sequentially increased with increased refractive error, this tendency was not statistically significant by multivariable logistic regression.ConclusionsKorean children had a high prevalence of myopia and high myopia. In this age group, the risk of myopia increased with aging and parental myopia. Higher BMI may be associated with high myopia.
Highlights
To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with myopia and high myopia in children in South Korea
The representative value of age and body mass index (BMI) sequentially increased with increased myopia level, and was statistically significant (P < 0.001)
The present study identified a high prevalence of myopia (65.4%) and high myopia (6.9%) in Korean children between 5 and 18 years of age
Summary
To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with myopia and high myopia in children in South Korea. Uncorrected high myopia may result in amblyopia and decrease school achievement in children, while myopia itself could cause blinding ocular diseases, such as retinal detachment, myopic degeneration and myopic retinopathy [5, 12]. From this prospective, identifying the updated prevalence in Korea and risk factors of myopia and high myopia is necessary to prevent myopia and reduce the socioeconomic burden of the disease [13].
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