Factores asociados a la calidad de vida en adultos mayores con insuficiencia orgánica crónica avanzada en un hospital de Lima-Perú

Abstract

Objective: To determine the factors associated with the quality of life in older adults with advanced chronic organ failure in a hospital in Lima-Peru. Materials and methods: Observational research, cross-sectional analysis, whose population was made up of 100 older adults, the collection technique was the interview and the instrument the questionnaire through the application of the Barthel index and WHOQoL-Bref. To respond to the study objectives, the non-parametric Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman's Rho tests were applied, considering the significance of 5%. Results: (44) 44% of older adults were over 80 years old, (59) 59% were men, (31) 31% studied a higher technical level, (57) 57% were incumbents in the Navy, (74) 74% had arterial hypertension. The most frequent geriatric syndromes were visual or auditory deficit (82) 82%, insomnia (59) 59%, constipation (52) 52% and malnutrition (47) 47%. The (50) 50% of the older adults presented severe functional dependence. (63) 63% presented quality of life at a medium level. The epidemiological factors associated with low quality of life were age over 80 years (p=0.032, RP=1.818), female sex (p=0.009, RP=2.056), the level of education given by illiterate, primary and secondary school (p=0.025, RP=1.930) and the relationship with the Navy as a family member (p=0.022, RP=1.894). Associated geriatric syndromes were insomnia (p=0.034, RP=1.930), constipation (p=0.000, RP=3.560), pressure injury (p=0.000, RP=2.788) and severe functional dependence (p= 0.000, PR=4.667). However, the multivariate analysis showed that insomnia (p=0.002; RPa=1.166), pressure injury (p=0.016; RPa=1.248) and severe dependence (p=0.000; RPa=1.207) were the associated factors. significantly to the low quality of life in older adults. Conclusions: The factors insomnia, pressure injury and severe dependency were significantly associated with low quality of life in older adults with advanced chronic organ failure in a hospital in Lima-Peru.