Factores asociados a diagnósticos premalignos y malignos en cuernos cutáneos

Abstract

IntroductionCutaneous horn (CC) is a conical hyperkeratotic tumor lesion, the importance of which lies in the underlying pathology. Objectives1) To characterize the CC according to sex, age, anatomical location and histopathological diagnosis; 2) Evaluate the association of these variables with diagnoses of malignancy in CC. MethodologyProspective longitudinal observational study, in subjects with a preoperative diagnosis of cutaneous horn, carried out in a dermatology service between January 2018 and December 2019. Age, sex, location and histopathological diagnosis were recorded. Statistical analysis performed using the Stata program (Stata/SE 16.0 for Windows). Results57 patients were included, with a median (RIC) age of 75 (19) years. 31 (54.3%) patients were men. The lesions in the photoexposed area were 47 (82.5%). The most common histopathological diagnosis was actinic keratosis (n = 20; 35%). Premalignant/malignant and benign histopathological diagnoses corresponded to 39 (68.4%) and 18 (31.5%), respectively. The age (median (IQR)) of subjects with a histopathological diagnosis of premalignant/malignant lesion (79 (18) years) was significantly higher than that of subjects with benign lesion (65.5 (14) years) (p < 0.01). The frequency of localization in photoexposed area in subjects with premalignant/malignant lesion versus benign lesion was 92.31% (36/39) versus 61% (11/18), respectively (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference for males in premalignant/malignant versus benign lesions. ConclusionsPrecursor lesion of CC is of an uncertain nature, for which reason its removal is essential for histopathological study. Advanced age and chronic photoexposure are variables associated with premalignancy/malignancy in CC.