Factor Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Automobiles

Electric vehicles (EVs) emit substantially fewer air pollutants than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. However, the continuous increase in electricity demand from the power grid for EV charging, resulting from the growing adoption and total vehicle miles traveled, leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions from the power sector. This study presents a predictive analysis of energy sector greenhouse gas emissions from EV charging at the regional level across the United States under various projection scenarios of technology costs, fuel prices, demand growth, and electricity sector policies. The predictive modeling of greenhouse gas emissions from EV charging is performed using a machine learning model developed on the Meta Prophet platform designed to capture temporal patterns and seasonality with a high level of precision. Trained on simulation data from the Cambium model, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), our model provides accurate and continuous predictions of CO2, N2O, and CH4 emission rates from EV charging through 2050 under eight power generation planning scenarios, each outlining different projections for costs, prices, demand, and policy outcomes. Our analysis suggests that, by 2030, total grid emissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4 from EV battery charging in the United States are projected to decline by 52.67%, 65.71%, and 53.65%, respectively, compared to 2025 under the mid-case scenario, despite an overall increase of 152.57% in EV electricity demand. By 2050, emissions are expected to decline further by 80.13%, 94.15%, and 75.62%, respectively, with total EV electricity demand rising by 802.02%. Our scenario analysis results underscore the pivotal role of regional energy mixes and the pace of renewable energy deployment in decarbonizing transportation through electrification, highlighting the urgent need for proactive policy measures to accelerate the adoption of clean and renewable energy technologies in order to meet long-term climate targets.

Analysis of greenhouse gas emission reductions by collaboratively updating equipment in sewage treatment and municipal solid waste incineration plants

Greenhouse gas emission and exergy analyses of an integrated trigeneration system driven by a solid oxide fuel cell

Methane emissions along biomethane and biogas supply chains are underestimated

According to Korea"s declaration of carbon-neutrality, it is necessary to prepare a method for analyzing greenhouse gas emissions from the perspective of national land planning and urban planning. The purpose of this study was to reconstruct a building’s greenhouse gas inventory to allow analysis of greenhouse gas emissions on an urban scale. The research method was to propose an urban-scale inventory by identifying current national and local government inventory and analyzing prior related studies. The inventory presented in this study is intended to reflect embodied emissions in buildings based on the carbon footprint point of view when accounting for urban emissions in the recently published AR6 report. This newly proposed inventory included not only the emissions caused by energy consumption in the operation stage, but also emission of embodied carbon in the material, construction, maintenance, and disposal stages. This inventory is expected to be used in analysis of greenhouse gas emissions according to spatial changes by urban redevelopment.

Life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from organic and conventional food production systems, with and without bio-energy options

Life-cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emission and energy efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell scooters

The LanzaTech process can convert carbon monoxide-containing gases produced by industries, such as steel manufacturing, into valuable fuel products. The life-cycle analysis (LCA) of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from the LanzaTech process has been developed for a Chinese setting using the original Tsinghua China Automotive LCA model along with a customized module developed principally for the process. The LCA results demonstrate that LanzaTech gas-to-liquid (GTL) processing in China’s steel manufacturing is favorable in terms of life-cycle fossil energy and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 50% compared with the conventional petroleum gasoline. The LanzaTech process, therefore, shows advantages in both energy-savings and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions when compared with most bio-ethanol production pathways in China.

This paper presents a detailed well-to-wheel analysis of energy use, greenhouse gas and criteria emissions for a prototype Parallel-Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) developed as part of the EcoCAR 2 competition.

Analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of transplanting and broadcast seeding wetland rice cultivation

Uncertainty of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was analyzed using the parametric Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method and the non-parametric bootstrap method. There was a certain number of observations required of a dataset before GHG emissions reached an asymptotic value. Treating a coefficient (i.e., GHG emission factor) as a random variable did not alter the mean; however, it yielded higher uncertainty of GHG emissions compared to the case when treating a coefficient constant. The non-parametric bootstrap method reduces the variance of GHG. A mathematical model for estimating GHG emissions should treat the GHG emission factor as a random variable. When the estimated probability density function (PDF) of the original dataset is incorrect, the nonparametric bootstrap method, not the parametric MCS method, should be the method of choice for the uncertainty analysis of GHG emissions.

At present, urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different wastewater treatment stages are attracting increasing attention. Based on the Guidelines of the China Greenhouse Gas List Compilation (Trial) and the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas List Guidelines in 2006, this paper evaluated urban GHG emissions from wastewater treatment in China from 2011 to 2020. The contribution rates of GHG emissions to the total GHG emissions were calculated for the different wastewater treatment stages. The variations in annual GHG emissions and differences in GHG emissions among different regions and provinces were also analyzed. The total amount of equivalent CO2 emissions reaches 1478.51 million tons, and the annual average amount of equivalent CO2 emissions from 2011 to 2020 is 147.9 million tons, which shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The distribution of GHG emissions from wastewater treatment is uneven among provinces and regions; Guangdong Province has the highest emission, while the Xizang autonomous Region has the lowest. The correlation and contribution rate analysis revealed that paper production and chemical and side food production could discharge a large amount of wastewater with a high COD content, which may have an important impact on GHG emissions during the wastewater treatment stages. According to the study results, CH4 accounts for the largest proportion (63.08%) of the total GHG emissions. The most important source of CH4 comes from the industrial wastewater treatment stage. The annual average CO2 emissions account for 22.24% of the total GHG emissions, which are mainly from the power and chemical consumption stage. The annual average N2O emissions account for 14.68% of the total GHG emissions and are mainly from the wastewater collection and discharge stage. Therefore, in the future, GHG emission reduction strategies should focus on CH4 emissions in the industrial wastewater treatment stage and develop CH4 recycling and utilization technologies.

A whole farm systems analysis of greenhouse gas emissions of 60 Tasmanian dairy farms

Ozone layer depletion and global warming related to GHG (greenhouse gases) emissions from industries are a major issue globally. As these efforts, The parties of the Kyoto protocol adopted in the 3th UNFCCC’s conference set targets for average 5.2 percent reduction of GHG emissions from 1990 until 2012, should apply greenhouse gas emissions trading. The 18th UNFCCC’s conference of the parties to be held in Doha, Qatar agreed the Doha amendment to extend the Kyoto protocol that expires in 2012 until 2020. Furthermore, GHG emissions from the fishery industries also represent an important issue, as indicated by Responsible Fisheries at Cancun, Mexico, in The 16th UNFCCC’s conference of the parties, United nations conference on environment & development accepted Responsible Fisheries as important concern area. However, few research on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries have been performed. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from the major Korean fisheries in needed before guidelines for reducing GHG emissions from the fishing industry can be established. The aim of this study was to assess the present GHG emissions from the Korean offshore large purse seine fishery using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method quantitatively. The result of this study will be helpful to establish a reducing method of GHG emissions.

In recent years, the issue of climate change has gained significant attention and become a focal point of discussion in various sectors of civil society. Governments, individuals, and scientists worldwide are increasingly concerned about the observed changes in climate patterns, often attributed to the rising levels of greenhouse gases. In this context, the main objective of this study is to assess the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the railway system in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and compare them with other national case studies, aiming to obtain greenhouse gas emission parameters specific to the railway system and propose mitigation models to address this environmental impact in the air. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was employed to examine the life cycle of the Pernambuco Metro. This involved conducting an inventory of resource inputs and emissions using actual observed data. Additionally, a comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emissions across different urban rail transport systems is presented to provide valuable contextual insights. The study findings reveal that the total greenhouse gas emissions from the Pernambuco rail system amount to 6170.54 t CO2e. Considering a projected total service life of 50 years, the estimated greenhouse gas emissions for the entire life cycle of the system’s operation and maintenance reach 308,550 t CO2e. The interdisciplinary nature of this research highlights the significance of studying the atmospheric effects of the Pernambuco railway system as a crucial parameter for designing strategies and technologies aimed at reducing air pollution within the region. Through quantifying and analyzing the greenhouse gas emissions of the Pernambuco rail system, this study provides valuable insights that contribute to addressing concerns related to climate change and promoting sustainable practices. It underscores the importance of developing effective strategies to mitigate air pollution and facilitates informed decision-making for the future of urban transportation systems.