Abstract
This paper presents the fabrication technologies related to flexible titanium-dioxide (TiO2) working electrodes and graphite counter electrodes on plastic substrates for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The DSSC on a plastic substrate had a sandwich structure consisting of a TiO2 working electrode, an electrolyte, and a graphite counter electrode. Nano-crystalline TiO2 powder, titanium (IV) bis (ammonium lactato) dihydroxide (TALH), de-ionized water (DI water), and Triton X-100 were added to the mixture of PDMS base and curing agents to form TiO2 colloids for the TiO2 working electrode. The material analysis of the TiO2 working electrode and the graphite counter electrode employed field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Nano-crystalline TiO2 powder was used to form the TiO2 working electrode. The surface characteristics of the TiO2 and graphite films were investigated herein. The low-cost fabrication technologies of the TiO2 working electrode and graphite counter electrode on the plastic substrate were clearly demonstrated.
Highlights
According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy in 2017, the oil reserves/production ratios in North America, Europe/Eurasia, and the Middle East were 32.3, 24.9, and 69.9 years, respectively
The manufacturing processes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are simple and do not need expensive vacuum equipment; sencondly, DSSCs have low material cost; thirdly, DSSCs can be flexible; and fourthly, DSSCs technology is environmentally friendly. Owing to their excellent advantages, DSSCs are promising for a wide range of applications; for instance, DSSCs can be utilized as the windows and glass curtains of buildings
A DSSC was composed of a working electrode, a counter electrode and an electrolyte between the working and counter electrodes, which were stacked into a sandwich structure
Summary
According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy in 2017, the oil reserves/production ratios in North America, Europe/Eurasia, and the Middle East were 32.3, 24.9, and 69.9 years, respectively. In response to the energy and climate problems, research on renewable energy has become an urgent global topic. The manufacturing processes of DSSCs are simple and do not need expensive vacuum equipment; sencondly, DSSCs have low material cost; thirdly, DSSCs can be flexible; and fourthly, DSSCs technology is environmentally friendly. Owing to their excellent advantages, DSSCs are promising for a wide range of applications; for instance, DSSCs can be utilized as the windows and glass curtains of buildings. The low-cost manufacturing technology of TiO2 working and graphite counter electrodes of DSSCs was demonstrated
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