Abstract
High-quality colloidal crystals have been prepared through a novel capillary-enhanced process, which includes both the characteristics of a sedimentation method and a capillary method. The multiple capillary forces driving the formation of colloidal crystals are composed of a primary capillary force and a secondary capillary force controlled by the ambient humidity. When the particles on the surface of the substrate transform into a gel-like layer in a high-humidity condition during the final step of the evaporative process, the secondary capillary force will be effective and fine tune the relative position between the neighboring particles in the microarray to decrease the amount of defects efficiently. Moreover, the close-packed structure can also be fabricated in a large area. Perfect colloidal crystals can easily be prepared in a short processing time by simple operation steps with the assistance of enhanced secondary capillary forces.
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