Extralinguistic factors of language personality formation

We examined developmental changes in the relationship of verbal and nonverbal skills to reading ability in a three-wave, three-factor, 22-variable structural equation model involving 220 White males (including both reading-disabled and control subjects). We measured nonverbal and verbal skills factors at kindergarten, Grade 2, and Grade 5 using the same three indicators per factor at each time wave and took two indicators of reading achievement at Grades 2 and 5. The measurement model provided an adequate fit to the data. We examined developmental change hypotheses in terms of lagged effects from verbal and nonverbal skills factors at kindergarten and Grade 2 to reading achievement factors at Grades 2 and 5. Although both verbal and nonverbal factors had significant effects on reading achievement from kindergarten to Grade 2, the effect of nonverbal skills was not significant from Grade 2 to Grade 5. Verbal skills had significant effects on reading achievement at both Grades 2 and 5. Stability paths for a...

This study examines the dimensionality of and relationships between two subscales from the British Ability Scales - Third Edition, measuring verbal (expressive vocabulary) and non-verbal (reasoning) cognitive skills for toddlers (age three) and preschoolers (age five), in a Norwegian context across genders. Descriptive statistics revealed item selection criteria that included specific items within each subscale. Subsequently, Confirmatory Factor Analysis established the subscales' dimensionality (Naming Vocabulary and Picture Similarities; N = 1094) and confirmed measurement invariance across genders. Further, the relationships between the verbal and non-verbal factors were investigated using correlation analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. The findings revealed that the verbal factor at age three strongly predicted the verbal factor at age five and significantly influenced the non-verbal factor at age five. The non-verbal factor at age three exhibited a moderate predictive relationship with the non-verbal factor at age five, and did not significantly predict the verbal factor at age five. In terms of gender differences, girls showed higher scores on the verbal factor at age three, and a stronger correlation between the non-verbal factor at age three and the verbal factor at age five. In summary, this research provides valuable insights into cognitive skill measurement and development in a Norwegian context and highlights possible variations across gender. The study's findings, limitations, and implications are discussed.

The objective of this article is to analyze Apollos’ linguistic personality and answer the question whether the linguistic personality of a priest-scholar, author of grammar writings, public figure of the 18th century can be exemplary during the formation of a modern educator’s linguistic personality. Methodology. To solve the declared problem, a comparative analysis of the modern Russian teacher and scholar of the past’s linguistic personality was done. This became possible due to the use of sociolinguistic methods – questionnaire survey and interview, as well as to the use of Yu. N. Karaulov method of analysis of linguistic personality, M.K. Petrov concept of sociocode and G. Lakoff cognitive metaphor theory. The main findings of the research: 1) it has revealed problems of modern education; 2) identified and described Apollos’ value orientations, transmitted to students; 3) formulated a scientific hypothesis: it is necessary to use the writings of linguists/philologists and educators of the past as a basis for the formation of linguistic personality of a modern educator, tutor, mentor, facilitator because linguistic personality of previous centuries’ scholars and methodologists can be recognized as a model linguistic personality for a teacher of Russian language and literature. Application of research findings. The research findings can be introduced to a number of academic disciplines such as “Educator’s professional personality”, “Sociolinguistics”, “Cultural linguistics”, “Communicative-speech training”, “Academic eloquence”, “Genres of academic discourse”, “Stylistics”, “Russian language in the sociolinguistic aspect”, “Sociolinguistic foundations of communication”, etc.), they will also be essential in developing continuing (lifelong) education courses for teaching staff specializing in “Linguistic personality of a tutor: history and contemporaneity”. The novelty and originality of this research stems from the fact that 1) the analysis of pedagogical discourse was carried out in two time slices – year of 2019 and 18th century, that allowed to reveal the specificity of a Russian language and literature teacher’s linguistic personality in synchrony and diachrony, 2) Apollos’ grammar was for the first time explored within the anthropocentric paradigm, 3) the prospects for further study are seen in taking from the best of the past philology to the matrix of modern education.

Communication that values patient autonomy is associated with satisfaction with care: a systematic review.

Patient-centred communication is associated with positive therapeutic alliance: a systematic review.

The present article aims to identify stylistic figures, providing intertextual connections of American presidents’ inaugural addresses with other texts which are of great importance to the USA and the American nation. Stylistic figures are figurative and expressive means of connecting texts of the past with texts of the present. The stylistic figures “allusion”, “application”, “paraphrase”, and “citation” have been analysed in the inaugural addresses delivered by four American presidents (2001–2021) – George Bush Jr., Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joseph Biden. These stylistic figures determine intertextual contacts of the inaugural addresses with the texts which characterize the country’s historical and modern development – the United States Declaration of Independence, John Page’s letter to Thomas Jefferson, the Constitution of the United States, the past Presidents’ speeches, patriotic songs. Inaugural addresses form a well-established genre in political discourse, and this genre is aimed at integrating and inspiring the people as well as at performing and establishing President’s and his administration’s general policies. The analysis of the genre of the “inaugural address” is an integral part of political discourse research. Political discourse is perceived as a system of communication that has real and virtual measures. The analysis of stylistic figures which provide intertextual connections belongs to the study of the virtual measure of political discourse – its semiotic area. The analysis conducted in the article is based on political discourse research, intertextuality theory, critical discourse analysis theory as well as on practical papers on presidential communication. This article’s methodology includes methods of observation, deduction, induction, controlled sampling, and the method of discourse analysis. Having analyzed the inaugural addresses and having identified the stylistic figures which incorporate other texts into the inaugural addresses, the author concludes that, firstly, the ideas and principles formulated in the past and implemented in the country’s development concept are sacred and unshakeable, and secondly, these ideas and principles have a great impact on the American nation’s consolidation and integration.

The article deals with the stylistic specificity of journal text of the second half of the XVIII century, published by N. I. Novikov. The author identifies linguistic and compositional features in the comparison with the modern style model of publicism. The author analysed the dominant features of the texts: dialogicality, educational function, and the synthesis of pedagogical and publicistic discourse. The study focuses on the stylistic uniqueness of the titles and emphasizes that the specificity of N. I. Novikov’s journalistic language was determined by his linguistic personality, as well as by the target settings of informing the reader. The research method included analyses of thematic, compositional, factual, and modal types of information content of the media text. A semantic and stylistic analysis of headlines made it possible to define the following types: plot, nominative-ascertaining, genre, spatial, precedent, and address headlines, which had an informative function and penetrating boundaries. Analysing the expressive resources of the texts, the author observed the specifics and typical use of Novikov’s idiostyle. The strengthening compositional element of the analysed texts is the image of a real individual author, implemented in various textual images and actualised in the context of the stylistic effect of dialogicality. The field of application of the research results includes stylistics and rhetoric.

The present work examines certain peculiarities of epistolary discourse in fiction, approached through argumentative logic and forms of dialogism. The relationship among dialogism, polyphony, and intertextuality is also discussed. Although many conferences and studies have focused on this problem, only a few books have been written on the relationship among these three phenomena. The existence of discourse depends on these phenomena. The work considers Colette’s novel La Vagabonde, which is marked by a number of distinctive stylistic features. The narration is given in the first person. A different genre of discourse – the epistle – appears in the third part of the novel, though not in a fully developed form. The narrator, presented as a prototype of the author, includes quotations from her letter. The responses of the addressee can be discerned by reading the letters of Renée Néré.

The article focuses on the verbalisation of the concept woman in P. Zagrebelnyi’s fictional discourse. The artist is analysed, on the one side, as a linguistic personality with his features of psyche, as a representative of a language group, and on the other side, as a creative personality that uniquely represents himself in fictional discourse, creative dimensions with his features of communicative behaviour. The analysis of the concept is performed regarding the achievements of psycholinguistics, gender linguistics, lingua-cultural studies, pragmatically-oriented communicative linguistics, on the basis of anthropocentric and discoursecentric paradigms, that made it possible to identify senses in the structure of the concept and clarify the mechanism of their occurrence. Attention is paid to the writer’s fictional discourse, which is analysed with regard to principles of discourse-analysis. Therefore, extralingual factors that gave rise to certain lexemes representing the concept are crucial for the research. As a result of the study, groups of lexemes that constitute the concept and denote animals, birds, natural phenomena, pieces of land were revealed. Nouns that constitute a layer of military vocabulary and name psychological states and contain negative connotations were identified. Features characteristic of women representatives of Ukrainian culture are compared and contrasted with the descriptions of women representatives of other cultures. The language units, evoked by the mentality and mental outlook of Ukrainians, were analysed.

The article is dedicated to actual problems of the linguistic personality in modern linguistics. It reveals the scientific content of the notion of linguistic personality as an object of linguistic research, which includes mental, social, ethnic, and other components of the discourse. The object of the research is the linguistic personality of Dmytro Yavornytsky – an outstanding scientist, social and cultural activist, writer, historian, folklorist, and lexicographer. The article explores language means, which determine the artistic individuality of D. Yavornytsky. Author’s worldview and values found their expression in the language of his works. The analysis of literary texts revealed that D. Yavornytsky aestheticized the folk spoken element. The writer widely uses everyday vocabulary, designating the realia of folk life, which alongside with the stylistically marked vocabulary of various degree of expressiveness displays the linguistic colouring of the epoch. In addition, the colloquial vocabulary is used as an expressive element. The work features the analysis of phraseological units of D. Yavornytsky’s literary texts – both traditional and modified by author. In is noted that the choice of phraseological units is determined by the subject matter of the creation. D. Yavornytsky was the adherent of ethnography, which is the reason for prevailing of fixed phrases from the colloquial language in his works. The national character of D. Yavornytsky’s works is reflected in the means of folk songs – an expressive feature of writer’s idiostyle. Proverbs, sayings, ubiquitous epithets, metaphors, similes, and other stylistic figures are means of stylization of folk-poetic narration. One of the brightest figurative units of D. Yavornytsky’s idiostyle, which is inseparably connected with ideological and thematic focus, is simile. The article features the research of individual constants of the worldview, values of the writer, and means of their linguistic expression. The most semantically and aesthetically significant words of his linguistic picture of the world are Cossack, steppe, song, Dnipro, Ukraine, Khortytsya, Baida, soul, heart.

The objective of the present study was to examine and compare the subtest, index, and factor scores of the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL), using receiver-operating characteristic curves, to investigate their sensitivity and specificity to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and adolescents. One hundred and fifty participants who had sustained TBI were compared to 150 controls matched on age and gender from the TOMAL's standardization sample. Results indicated that the greatest area under the curve (AUC) was for the Object Recall (OR) subtest score, the Composite Memory Index (CMI), and the attention factor score. The optimal CMI cutoff score for a TBI diagnosis was 83. When factor scores were compared, the attention factor and two verbal factors had significantly larger AUCs than the three nonverbal factors. These findings suggest that the OR subtest and CMI are most sensitive to TBI, and that when components were broken into factors with no overlapping subtests, attention and verbal memory were optimal for classifying TBI.

This article presents the results of the analysis of popular science discourse with a detailed description of the features of the tactical and strategic organization of communication on the example of the speeches of public figure and writer A.Kekilbayev. The theory of discursive strategies and tactics within the framework of the analyzed discourse is considered, the meanings of the terms "scientific discourse", "popular science discourse" are given, an integral model of the strategies of the writer's linguistic personality is proposed. The authors provide definitions and classifications of the discourse of leading domestic and foreign scientists. Publications in Russian-language mass media, texts of A.Kekilbayev's speeches at international scientific events, subsequently published in journals were selected as the research material. The purpose of the study is to determine discursive strategies and tactics based on the popular scientific discourse of a linguistic personality, to achieve which the following tasks are set: to conduct a brief review of the scientific.

The phenomenon of discursive dramaturgy is interpreted in the article as the planning and construction of an effective communicative strategy by the linguistic persona in specific socio-cultural conditions. The methodological basis for this study is provided by the concepts of A. V. Olyanich, I. Hoffman, J. Habermas, and V. I. Karasik. The phrase ‘v takom tone’ [in such a tone] is examined as a pragmatic metamarker of discursive dramaturgy tactics. The research material consists of textual excerpts from literary works in the National Corpus of the Russian. 74 excerpts describing communicative situations representing genres of conflict or potentially conflictual interactions were selected. In 26 of them, the metamarker ‘v takom tone’ [in such a tone] was used to model situations related to genres of personality-oriented discourse. In 16 excerpts, this metamarker models situations related to genres of status-oriented discourse. In 32 excerpts, the phrase was used as a cognitive plan metamarker. The results of the study allow us to conclude about the frequency of marking with the phrase ‘v takom tone’ [in such a tone] of social roles, tactics of maintaining social face, “sincere misunderstanding,” threat, and conflict avoidance. The metamarker ‘v takom tone’ [in such a tone] helps the interaction addressee to explicitize the addressee’s cognitive plan — to identify intentions and desires, predict a change in tactics.

Not only verbal information but also Non-verbal information is an essential factor in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). In order to understand Human partner's perception, confidence status detection plays an important role for the robot to be capable to provide further information in the conversation. Moreover, the confident/uncertain feature can be utilized on robot expression to smooth the interaction and gain social skill. On another aspect, certain/uncertain expression style makes it possible to form extraversion/introversion personality which might spice up the interaction. This paper presented the concept of confident expression in HRI and an experiment to analyze both verbal and non-verbal features for confident expression. The confidence conditions were defined as 5-level status according to the questionnaire answer: most confident, comparative certainty, neutral, relative uncertain, most unconfident. The results showed that verbal and nonverbal features are possible to be classified into most confident/uncertain condition with the accuracy of 73.2143 % analyzed by multinomial logistic regression model via Weka. However, the ambiguous differences between the expression style are difficult to be classified. The accuracy of predicting comparative certainty and relative uncertain status can merely reach 66.67%. The classification of comparative certainty and relative uncertainty still need more features to increase prediction accuracy.

Sets of verbal and nonverbal memory tests were subjected to a factor analysis, and the factor composite scores were used to discriminate between 57 brain-damaged and 34 non-brain-damaged subjects. The derived factors clearly represented verbal and nonverbal factors. The brain-damaged group performed significantly less well on both the verbal and nonverbal factor composite scores. It is suggested that a battery of verbal and nonverbal scales be used to discriminate left and right lateralized brain-damaged patient groups.