Abstract
We investigated the effects of Cissus verticillata leaf extract (CVE) on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and memory deficits. Male mice (5 weeks of age) were fed vehicle (distilled water), or 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg of CVE once a day for 8 weeks with an HFD. Treatment with CVE resulted in lower body weight and glucose levels in a concentration- and feeding time-dependent manner. LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the CVE-treated HFD group than in the vehicle-treated HFD group. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not show any significant changes. Lipid droplets and ballooning were reduced depending on the concentration of CVE treatment compared to the HFD group. Treatment with CVE ameliorated the increase in glucagon and immunoreactivities in the pancreas, and novel object recognition memory was improved by 300 mg/kg CVE treatment compared to the HFD group. More proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts were higher in mice treated with CVE than in vehicle-treated HFD-fed mice. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were significantly decreased in the HFD group, which was facilitated by treatment with 300 mg/kg CVE in hippocampal homogenates. These results suggest that CVE ameliorates HFD-induced obesity and memory deficits in mice, associated with increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus.
Highlights
Obesity is induced by excessive fat accumulation due to a chronic imbalance between energy expenditure and energy intake
In the 300 mg/kg Cissus verticillata leaf extract (CVE)-treated (HFD+CVE300) group, there were no significant differences in body weight compared to the control diet (CD) group depending on time after the experiment, and the body weight in the high-fat diet (HFD)+CVE300 group was significantly lower at 4 weeks after the experiment compared to the HFD group
The present study observed that body weight, calorie intake, and blood glucose levels significantly increased with HFD feeding time after treatment in C57BL/6 mice, a strain susceptible to HFD-induced obesity
Summary
Obesity is induced by excessive fat accumulation due to a chronic imbalance between energy expenditure and energy intake. Cissus spp. act centrally and lead to anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and analgesic activity via the modulation of antioxidant capacity and GABA levels in the brain [29,30,31]. Their importance lies in their role as a remedy for diabetes, most studies have been conducted on animals with type 1 diabetes using streptozotocin or alloxan [25,32]. This study examined the effects of extracts from Cissus verticillata (CVE) leaves on HFD-induced phenotypes, including body weight, blood glucose levels, serum parameters, liver morphology with hematoxylin, and eosin staining, and insulin and glucagon cells in the pancreas with immunohistochemical staining. We investigated novel object recognition memory and proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts using immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX), respectively
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