Abstract
Introduction: Pansies (Viola×wittrockiana) are a rich source of natural antioxidants with beneficial effects on human health. Objetives: The aim of our study was to investigate solvents’ influence (water, methanol, water:acetone (6:4, v/v)) on the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of pansies extracts. Methods: The bioactive compounds analyzed were the following: flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins and monomeric anthocyanins, as well as total phenols by the total reducing capacity assay (TRC). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power assays. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to differentiate pansies extracts. Results: The solvents that yielded extracts with the highest contents of hydrolysable tannins and TRC were methanol and water:acetone (6:4, v/v). To extract the highest contents of monomeric anthocyanins, methanol should be used (5.93 mg Cy 3-glu/g flower, d.w), while for flavonoids, water:acetone (6:4, v/v) was the preferred yielding an extract with 115 mg QE/g flower d.w. Water turned out to be the least effective solvent, giving extracts with the lowest antioxidant activity. In addition, methanol or water:acetone extracts were clearly distinguished from aqueous ones through a PCA analysis. Conclusions: Our results show that the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of pansies’ extracts are affected by the solvent used.
Highlights
Pansies (Viola×wittrockiana) are a rich source of natural antioxidants with beneficial effects on human health
Our results show that the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of pansies’ extracts are affected by the solvent used
The extracts obtained were compared with respect to their flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins and monomeric anthocyanins contents, as well as their total reducing capacity (TRC) and antioxidant activity evaluated by the reducing power and scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assays
Summary
Pansies (Viola×wittrockiana) are a rich source of natural antioxidants with beneficial effects on human health. Garden pansies (Viola × wittrockiana Gams.) are plants of complex hybrid origin, involving at least three species, namely Viola tricolor, Viola altaica, and Viola lutea (Vukics et al, 2008) They are popular ornamental plants, differing in size and color, depending on the variety (Weryszko-Chmielewska and Sulborska, 2012). The extracts obtained were compared with respect to their flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins and monomeric anthocyanins contents, as well as their total reducing capacity (TRC) and antioxidant activity evaluated by the reducing power and scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assays
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