Abstract
Extraction of Palladium(II) Ions from Chloride Solutions with Phosphonium Ionic Liquid Cyphos®IL101 The extraction of palladium(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions of various concentrations in the presence of different amounts of sodium chloride with phosphonium ionic liquid Cyphos®IL101 in toluene was investigated. The extraction of Pd(II) is very effective. The percentage extraction of Pd(II) from 0.1 mol dm- 3 HCl solution amounts to 97% with Cyphos®IL101. Both the increase in HCl concentration and the presence of NaCl have a negative influence on the extraction. The extent of extraction from 0.1 mol dm-3 HCl solution in the presence of 0.5 mol dm-3 NaCl is about 80% and from 3 mol dm-3 HCl is lower and amounts to 56%. The extraction of Pd(II) from aqueous 0.1 mol dm-3 HCl and from 0.1 mol dm-3 HCl in the presence of 0.5 mol dm-3 NaCl with this phosphonium ionic liquid is rapid and the equilibrium is achieved after 1 - 2 minutes. The extraction of Pd(II) from aqueous 3 mol dm-3 HCl is slower and the equilibrium is achieved after 5 - 6 minutes.
Highlights
At present noble metals have a wide range of industrial applications
Various extractants have been used for the extraction of palladium(II): hydroxyoximes[2, 3], dialkyl sulphides[4], hydrophobic amines[5, 6], and pyridinecarbox-amides[7, 8], alpha benzoim oxime[9], α-amino phosphonate[10] and Aliquat 33611
Looking for an extractant allowing the fast extraction of palladium(II), the authors have used a phosphonium ionic liquid
Summary
At present noble metals have a wide range of industrial applications. They are used in electronic, chemical, pharmaceutical and petroleum industries, in instrument and jewelry making. In recent years extraction has became a suitable and powerful method for metal recovery from low concentrated sources, including palladium. The kinetics of palladium(II) extraction with dialkyl sulphides from hydrochloric acid solutions is very slow and a few hours are needed to achieve equilibrium This slow process results from symmetrical palladium(II) chlorocomplex (PdCl42-) and from high hydrophobicity of the proposed extractants and their surface activity[4]. Looking for an extractant allowing the fast extraction of palladium(II), the authors have used a phosphonium ionic liquid It is the aim of the work to extract palladium(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions of various concentrations and various sodium chloride contents with tetradecyl(triheksyl)phosphonium chloride.
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