Abstract
Purpose: To isolate formononetin from Trifolium pratense L. (red clover), prepare its complex with lecithin foe enhanced solubility and evaluate its physicochemical properties.Methods: Formononetin was extracted from red clover. The complex of formononetin with lecithin was prepared by solvent method in a ratio of 2.5:1.0 (lecithin : formononetin). The physicochemical properties of the complex were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV/Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD).Results: UV data showed that there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between the peak intensity of the physical mixture and the complex, while FT-IR analysis indicated interaction between formononetin and lecithin. SEM showed that formononetin was successfully integrated in the structure of lecithin. DSC thermograms of the complex mainly demonstrated that the presence of lecithin caused the disappearing of characteristic endothermal peaks of formononetin, while x-diffractograms indicate that the crystalline peak of formononetin was absent in the complex.Conclusion: The complex formed is held together by non-covalent-bonds and thus demonstrates new physical and chemical characteristics.Keywords: Formononetin, Lecithin, Complex, Physicochemical characteristics
Highlights
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), one of several botanical dietary supplements, has been medically used in the alleviation of hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms [1]
Significant changes were observed at the characteristic absorption peaks of -OH and C=O. This suggested that these functional groups of formononetin had been interacted with lecithin’s
Absorption peak was observed at 1733 cm-1 in synthesis the compound of lecithin formononetin (SLF), changes were observed in the shape, width and intensity
Summary
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), one of several botanical dietary supplements, has been medically used in the alleviation of hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms [1]. Formononetin (7-Hydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone, C16H12O4, CAS: 485-72-3, MW: 268.3), one of the major substance in Red clover, has become a focus of study due to its various pharmacological and biological activities, such as anti-tumor [3], anti-oxidant [4], anti-bacterial [5], anti-inflammatory [6], anti-atherosclerosis [7], and anti-osteoporosis [8] It is widely used as an additive in the food and pharmaceutical industries. (red clover) processes excellent activity to scavenge free radicals and that its administration can enhance the tissue enzymatic and nonenzymatic defenses of mice and prevent the lipid peroxidation formation [13] Formononetin possesses these numerous beneficial activity, its application has been limited by the poor solubility in water. The scanning regions of the diffraction angle (2θ) were set between 5 - 70 oC with the scanning speed of 4 oC/min
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