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Abstract
Abstract The objectives of this study are to investigate the demographic distribution of pediatric extracranial germ cell tumors and to evaluate treatment patterns and outcomes. We analyzed the medical records of 543 consecutive patients aged 0–15 years who were diagnosed with an extracranial germ cell tumor between January 2006 and December 2019. The peak age of presentation was at 1 year for both genders with a second peak at 14 years specifically for girls. An overall female predominance was noted, although there were variations in gender across different age groups. The 5-year overall survival rate for patients receiving complete curative treatment was 83%. Patients with gonadal tumors had a significantly greater probability of overall survival (87.6%) than did those with extragonadal tumors (75.6%) (p < 0.0001). Additionally, patients with head and neck tumors (53.3%), mediastinal tumors (52.3%), and choriocarcinoma histology (33.3%) had a lower likelihood of survival. Pediatric extracranial germ cell tumors predominantly affect children under 5 years of age, with a notable female predominance. These tumors demonstrate overall favorable outcomes with appropriate treatment.
Highlights
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon in children under the age of 15, accounting for approximately 3% of solid tumors in this age group [1]
We retrospectively evaluated all patients under the age of 15 who presented at Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH) with an extracranial benign or malignant GCT from January 2006 to December 2019
This information plays a crucial role in strengthening public health initiatives and enhancing referral centers to optimize treatment, reduce disability, and improve patient outcomes [4]
Summary
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon in children under the age of 15, accounting for approximately 3% of solid tumors in this age group [1]. These tumors are believed to stem from events occurring in utero and arise from primordial germ cells. Epidemiological studies improve our understanding of the potential causes and development of diseases, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges they present. This knowledge can, in turn, inform public health efforts aimed at optimizing patient outcomes [4]. Small sample sizes in previous studies limit effective data compilation and the establishment of clinical guidelines [5]
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