Abstract
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been identified to accelerate bone formation. However, detailed mechanism has not been fully explained. In this study, we found that ESWT promoted osteoblast formation in vitro. Local ESW treatment of femur increased bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, changing the density or frequency of energy, there was no statistical difference in osteogenic differentiation. Therapeutically, local ESW therapy relieved bone loss and increased the number of bone trabecular in a rabbit osteoporosis model and promoted endogenous levels of SMAD2 protein expression. Thus, ESWT may be a potential therapy by promoting osteoblast maturation through TGF-β/SMAD2 pathway.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a major chronic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, resulting in fragility fracture
In order to determine the effect of Extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) therapy on the osteogenic differentiation of Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) cells, we performed alp staining and found that ESW therapy enhanced alp staining at day 7 significantly (Figures 1A, B)
We found that increased mineral deposition in BMSCs treated with ESW compared with its negative control (Figures 1C, D)
Summary
Osteoporosis is a major chronic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, resulting in fragility fracture. Extracorporeal shock wave (ESW), a short duration acoustic wave that carry energy and can propagate through soft tissues, is a cost-effective and non-invasive modality, which is widely used in clinic for the treatment of various diseases, mainly including renal calculus, erectile dysfunction, and musculoskeletal disorder [1,2,3]. It is believed that Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has positive effects on wound healing, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, and bone remodeling via physical interaction [4, 5]. A growing number of studies demonstrated that ESWT has shown promising outcomes in the treatment of fracture, osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, as well as osteoporosis [3, 6, 7]. The therapeutic effect of ESWT on bone-loss diseases and its underlying mechanism are still indistinct
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