Abstract
Local loads are still approximated quite often by means of the so-called ‘shrink ring’ method first published by the MW Kellogg Company in their publication ‘Design of Piping Systems’. In this article the shrink ring method is compared with calculation methods from WRC Bulletin 107 and BS 5500, Appendix G. Both nozzles on spherical shells as well as nozzles on cylindrical shells are taken into consideration. The stresses in spherical vessels were estimated quite reasonably by means of the shrink ring method; however, the stresses in cylindrical vessels are severely underestimated. An improved shrink ring method for cylinders is proposed in Appendix 2 of this article.
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