Extending influence: the impact of design review beyond project improvement from six years of the NSW State Design Review Panel

This paper is a case study taken from the F/A‐18E/F Initial & Preliminary Design Reviews conducted during Sept 92 and Jun 93 respectively. These highly successful events serve as models from which the design review process can be documented, analyzed and improvement initiatives identified. The end objective is an improved process, road map and game plan that will lead to future successful Design Reviews. Key to the development of this road map, and the implementation of a game plan that would guarantee Design Review success is the clear understanding of: Who is the real customer for the Design Review. What are the customer expectations relative to the Design Review product. What are the customer's quality requirements. What processes will be employed to develop and deliver the product that will satisfy those requirements. Post Design Review Presenter survey results and Design Review Process Improvement Team (DRPIT) findings and recommendations serve as the basis for process and product quality improvement initiatives with “real world” applicability to a wide range of acquisition programs. These initiatives will be implemented in preparation for future Design Reviews.

Regional Design Review (Design Review) panels are becoming established nationwide in the United Kingdom as a means to help raise design quality of new development. The panels were initiated by the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE), and the weight given to the Design Review panel comments in planning decision making appears set to increase. No statute, however, or even national policy, explains the role of the panels or their place in relation to other design guidance available to Local Planning Authorities and developers. This means that users may have difficulty using Design Review panel advice, accepting its legitimacy or according it appropriate weight in planning decision making. Recent research by CABE (2009) indicates that Design Review panels provide a useful input to the planning decision-making process, but this same research demonstrates that there are areas of concern, especially among planners. The views of the Regional Design Review panel members throughout the United Kingdom (mostly independent architects and planners), as well as user (local authority planner and developer) perceptions on possible improvements, are examined in this research through semi-structured interviews. Possible approaches to clarifying the place of Design Review within urban design guidance governance, as well as ways in which Design Review panels might improve communication with users, are among the outcomes from this research.

The growth of buildings in big cities necessitates Design Review (DR) to ensure good urban planning. Design Review involves the city community in various forms; however, community participation remains very limited or even non-existent. There are indications that the community has not been involved in the Design Review process. Currently, DR tends to involve only experts and local government, without including the community. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the extent of opportunities for community participation by exploring DR analysis in developed countries and related policies. In-depth interviews were also carried out with experts and Jakarta was selected as a case study since the city possessed the most intensive development. The results showed that the implementation of DR did not consider community participation. A constructivist paradigm was also applied with qualitative interpretive method by interpreting DR data and community participation. The strategy selected was a case study and library research adopted by examining theories from related literature. Additionally, the data was collected by reconstructing different sources such as books, journals, existing research, and secondary data from related agencies. Content and descriptive analysis methods were also used, where literature obtained from various references was analyzed to support research propositions and ideas.

Drawing upon a hitherto overlooked set of correspondence between architect and designer Sadie Speight and historian and critic Nikolaus Pevsner, this article addresses a brief but significant episode in the history of the eminent architectural journal, Architectural Review, which has not previously been investigated by other writers in the field. In 1943, the Architectural Review decided to formalise its approach to contemporary design by introducing a regular ‘Design Review’ section, which ran from 1944 until 1946. As one of the principal editors, Nikolaus Pevsner asked the architect and industrial designer Sadie Speight to compile these features, thereby initiating a working relationship that was difficult as well as productive. The article interrogates the Speight/Pevsner correspondence, currently lodged with the papers of Speight’s husband, the architect Sir Leslie Martin, in the RIBA archive at the Victoria and Albert Museum, in a variety of ways. It considers the significance of the use of personal letters in the construction of history as well as using them as the basis for the examination of a gender-inflected professional relationship between two important commentators on post-war design, in particular their positions as advocates of modernism in Britain in relation to the stance of the Architectural Review. Equally, it capitalises upon a unique means of understanding in detail the minutiae of the processes of design journalism and magazine production in post-war Britain. The presentation of this unique case study in the foremost journal in the field is used to raise issues concerning the writing of design history which are currently being debated within the discipline. This article is a further outcome of a sustained period of research, from 2003 onwards, as a member of the Gender and Built Space research group at the University of Brighton.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the usability of design reviews to inform designers about low carbon technologies and building performance. The design review of three domestic and two non-domestic case studies are evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – Data collection and analysis methods include interviews and meetings with design teams and contractors, design tools audit and revision of drawings and project documentation. In addition, building's envelope and systems, and in-use performance evaluations are used to inform design teams about the actual performance of the buildings. Findings – This study showed that targets and intentions defined in the design process are not always compatible or reality checked. These contradictions between targets within a project can undermine the performance of a building. The design review can identify unrealistic expectations to assess fairly the performance of buildings. The study showed that changes made during construction to the original design are related to lack of specifications or experience with low carbon technologies. Design reviews can help designers to identify the knowledge gaps within their practice. Furthermore, the results showed that building-related energy consumption was close to expectations, while user-related consumption was higher than expected due to occupancy assumptions made during the design. The design review showed that designers require more knowledge about buildings’ in-use performance in order to take informed-based design decisions. Originality/value – This paper showed the main stages of a design review, and their usability to assess building performance and to inform designers. The results of this study suggest that designs can benefit from design reviews by learning about low carbon technologies installation and building's operation.

<p>The fundamental rational of the German way to ensure structural safety and to prevent the society from undue harm is independent design review and execution supervision. This paper will explain both regarding the way in which review and supervision are performed, as well as the qualification needed for the design and supervision review engineer, who acts as a trustee of the public administration. The development of the review and supervision regime and of the underlying set of technical rules and regulations will be addressed by discussing actual and historic case studies. Special emphasis will be put on the interface-problems when different parties are involved and on the necessity of good and reliable coordination mechanisms between the involved parties. As a consequence of the increasing fragmentation of the design process in combination with the use of complex software tools and inevitable time pressure often the integrated design review process is the last line of defence to avoid incidents due to minor lapses or serious misjudgements.</p>

Engineering design reviews, which take place at predetermined phases of the product development process, are fundamental elements for the evaluation and control of engineering activities. These meetings are also acknowledged as unique opportunities for all the parties involved to share information about the product and related engineering processes. For product development teams, the knowledge generated during a design review is not as secondary as it may seem; key design decisions, design experiences, and associated rationale are frequently made explicit. Useful work has been carried out on the design review process itself, but little work has been undertaken about the detailed content of the meeting activity; it is argued that understanding the transactions that take place during a meeting is critical to building an effective knowledge-oriented recording strategy. To this effect, an extensive research program based on case studies in the aerospace engineering domain has been carried out. The work reported in this paper focuses on a set of tools and methods developed to characterize and analyze in depth the transactions observed during a number of case studies. The first methodology developed, the transcript coding scheme, uses an intelligent segmentation of meeting discourse transcriptions. The second approach, which bypasses the time consuming transcribing operation, is based on a meeting capture template developed to enable a meeting observer to record the transactions as the meeting takes place. A third method, the information mapping technique, has also been developed to interpret the case study data in terms of decisions, actions, rationale, and lessons learned, effectively generating qualitative measures of the information lost in the formal records of design reviews. Overall, the results generated by the set of tools presented in this paper have fostered a practical strategy for the knowledge intensive capture of the contents of design reviews. The concluding remarks also discuss possible enhancements to the meeting analysis tools presented in this paper and future work aimed at the development of a computer supported capture software for design reviews.

For an automotive electrical system design review, FMEA can be used to exam what would happen when any wire in the circuit goes open circuit, shorts to ground or shorts to battery, or when any components fail in expected ways. However, traditional FMEA method has some inherent disadvantages as criticized by many researchers. Besides, it is less expensive and far more effective to build in functional safety early in the design stage than try to tack it in the later implementation or operation stage. Thus the main purpose of this study was to propose a new design review method to link DRBFM with vague set based FMEA for recovering traditional FMEA's inherent problems, helping to evaluate, prioritize and prevent automotive electrical systems' failure modes caused by design change. In the first stage, a DRBFM was taken to identify failure modes and capture their causes and effects information needed for subsequent FMEA scoring process. In the second stage, a vague set based FMEA provided a quantitative analysis method to quantify the design discussion and review procedure under uncertain and vague environment. Obtained the quantitative data, a pattern recognition procedure for recognizing action priorities of failure modes was conducted in the third stage. Finally, a numerical example was conducted to demonstrate that the proposed design review method is effective and efficient for continuous improvement of failure modes due to design change of automotive electrical systems.

Web-based design review of fuel pumps using fuzzy set theory

An XML-based approach for geo-semantic data exchange from BIM to VR applications

Brownfield urban regeneration projects are crucial for achieving compact city ambitions (Bunker, R., and G. Searle. 2008. “Theory and Practice in Metropolitan Strategy: Situating Recent Australian Planning.” Urban Policy and Research 27 (2): 101–116). However, these projects are complex to deliver with large sites, challenging site conditions, a broad range of stakeholders, and long timeframes for completion. In this context, design governance, interventions in the means and processes of designing the built environment to support public interest outcomes, is essential to ensure that each developed lot contributes to a cohesive neighbourhood and aligns with place quality ambitions. This paper investigates two urban regeneration projects, Lachlan Precinct in Waterloo, Sydney (Eora Country), and Bowden, Adelaide (Kaurna Country), and investigates the role of design review, and in particular, competitive design policy and design review panels, in their delivery in partnership with other forms of design governance. Through the exploration of the interplay of these mechanisms, observations will be made on the benefits and challenges of these approaches, and the role of government in supporting them. Strategic government leadership is essential for steering urban regeneration towards long-term public value. Bowden demonstrates the benefits of government land ownership, while Lachlan Precinct highlights how regulatory frameworks can incentivise private developers to deliver public outcomes. Design review enhances urban regeneration outcomes but depends on broader design governance. In contrast to its application in an infill context, design review in urban regeneration has greater reliance on place-specific planning frameworks, given the extent of change underway. Establishing certainty around key planning parameters, such as development yield, spatial structure, and residential design standards enables design review processes to focus on architectural innovation and context-sensitive responses, rather than re-negotiating fundamental elements.

Design review aims to improve the quality of urban settings, principally by seeking to influence the design of individual buildings positively during the planning approval stages of development. Design review systems were first set up in New Zealand in the mid-1990s in Wellington. The aims of design review are laudable; even if the process is not set up to secure the best possible design outcome it should be able to prevent the worst outrages, so as to ensure a minimal visual quality of streetscapes. However, does design review really achieve what it sets out to do? After a brief summary of design review practices, this article considers whether current design control practices in Wellington are helping to foster well-liked urban streetscapes. Using the results from a recent case study, comparing the aesthetic preferences of the public to those of professionals who participate in design control, the article notes where preferences overlap and where they are different. In the process, the characteristics of buildings and streetscapes that are considered positive and negative are identified. The article goes on to speculate how design review could be made to work more effectively in Wellington.

This paper presents a new framework to execute design reviews more effectively. Design reviews are significant events in any engineering engagement, necessary to ensure that the design activities achieve the intended goals within the available budget and t ime. Yet the traditional means to perform a review seem to be limited in their adaptability to the contemporary engineering ‘supply chain’, in which multiple partners each with their own design responsibility participate. This paper proposes a framework w hich maintains the core of the traditional design review, but adds elements from the science of psychology to ensure its effectiveness under today’s more complex circumstances, thereby bringing costs and rewards back into balance. The recommendations in this paper are supported by four case studies in which the first author participated as the Director of Engineering at Stork Fokker AESP, and which is being expanded as part of current research at the Delft University of Technology, focusing on the psychological aspects of the engineering process.

Some software requirements are omitted or ambiguous depending on the design context, although these requirements would not necessarily be omitted or ambiguous when viewed as requirements alone. The design context sometimes causes inconsistencies among implementations that realize the same requirement. Existing detection and analysis methods do not limit evaluation of review materials to implementations of context-dependent design. An evaluation technique that limits the evaluated parts to the parts describing context-dependent design implementations is expected to be efficient. This paper proposes a method for detecting inconsistent implementations (context-dependent requirement defects) caused by context-dependent requirement omissions and ambiguities in design reviews. The proposed method defines goal-oriented check items for design review using a goal tree obtained by goal-oriented requirements analysis. Reviewers use the goal-oriented check items to detect inconsistent implementations that realize the same requirement. This paper also evaluates the proposed method through a case study. The results of the case study showed that the proposed method defined five goal-oriented check items and that reviewers detected 24 context-dependent requirement defects with goal-oriented check items. The results also showed that the sum of the estimated additional effort to define goal-oriented check items and perform design reviews with goal-oriented check items was 19.6 person-hours. Furthermore, the results showed that an engineer with general skills and knowledge of software development but without system-specific skills and knowledge could define a goal tree and the corresponding goal-oriented check items.

In the past ten years, the increasing customer awareness of environmental sustainability has driven the development of green products. As the initiator of product development, this situation can challenge product designers. Since customers may have varied expectations and preferences for green products, it depends on the green attributes embedded in the product and cultural value influences. As the natural behavior setting, cultural value has been proven to influence customer preferences in the literature. However, it was identified that previous studies had not clearly defined the consideration of cultural values in green product design. Therefore, this study aimed to generate a conceptual framework for embedding cultural value consideration in green product design. A comprehensive review of green product design and cultural values has been performed to align the relevancies for constructing the conceptual framework. Bibliographic analysis using the PRISMA approach was also performed to identify the current trend of green product design. It was expected that the proposed conceptual framework could be used as supporting insight in determining the customers’ preferences as an essential process for green product development.