Exsploring the Madurese political culture in the short story Pelean Klebun by Ahmad Suipardi

In Indonesia, the Village Head Election is the implementation of people’s sovereignty to choose village heads in a direct, public, free, confidential, honest, and just manner as stated in Regulation of the Minister of Internal Affairs No. 27 of 2020. This paper aims to analyze deviant behavior in the Village Head Elections that may bring harm to other people that involve the role of supernatural beings committed by Village Head Election participants. The importance of learning magic for the Village Head Election includes: (1) to influence the opinion of society who have suffrage rights; (2) to manipulate the obtainment of votes; (3) to make other Village Head Election participants die and/or sick; and (4) to influence the opinion of Village Head Election organizers. This paper employed the juridical empirical research method in the field of the legal anthropology scientific discipline. It used the behavioral approach. This paper aims to understand how mystical practices may influence election results that should ideally be carried out in a just and honest manner as well as to increase awareness of the risk of unethical behavior in the election process. Results showed that mystical things are always closely related to the culture of the Indonesian nation from era to era, including in its political culture. It can be seen that in every leadership of national figures, mystical activities are practiced. Contestants will visit shamans by sending voodoo to their political opponents so that they can win the political contestation. Apart from that, there are those who carry out rituals that are believed to be effective as a way to win the contestation in the political realm. The novelty of this research is that authors not only analyze the magical aspect of the Village Head Elections but also how magic is believed and implemented at the national level. The implication of this case is that it is rather difficult to prove magical cases. Thus, it leads to the occurrence of widespread suspicion among all parties.

This study aims to determine the dynamics of local politics in the 2021 Election of Peaceful Village Heads in Sidenreng Rappang Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, field notes, and documentation. Resource persons were selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusions displayed through Nvivo 12 Plus Software visualization. NVivo 12 Plus was chosen because it is capable of producing qualitative text data in the form of attractive data visualizations. The results of this study indicate that the local political dynamics that occurred in the Peace Village head election led to polarization in the village community structure. The election of the village head still leaves a mark in which there has been a rift in relations between the people who still have close family ties. The dynamics occur in three phases, namely pre-election, implementation of the election, and post-election. The behavior of the voting community in Damai Village is still dominated by the behavior of traditional voters. The occurrence of community polarization in Damai Village is the result of the political behavior of the people who are still traditional.

This research explains the interim village head (PAW) election in Banyumas in 2022. The aim of holding the interim village head (PAW) election is to fill the vacancy in the position of village head due to death. The conditions for inter-term village head elections can be implemented because the village head dies, resigns or is dismissed and his term of office is still more than 1 year. The results of the research show that the interim village head election in Banyumas in 2022 is in accordance with Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, starting from determining the election committee, determining the permanent voter list to implementing the interim village head election which is carried out through village deliberations. Problems Interim village head elections in Banyumas district in 2022, among other things, the budget is still covered by the Village APBD and Banyumas Regent Regulation Number 70 of 2021 does not yet regulate in detail the interim village head elections. The recommendation in this research is that the Banyumas district government must realize the mandate of article 34 paragraph 6 of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning financing for interim village head elections which are charged to the Regency/City APBD. Apart from that, the Banyumas Regency Government and the Banyumas DPRD must review Regional Regulation Number 70 of 2021.

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the electronic voting system in village head elections in Maburai Village, Murung Pudak District, Tabalong Regency, and to determine the factors that hindered the implementation of the electronic voting system in village head elections in Maburai Village, Murung Pudak District, Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan. , Indonesia. This study uses in-depth qualitative research methods. The location of this research is at the Community and Village Empowerment Service of Tabalong Regency, which is the focus of this research is How is the Implementation of the Electronic Voting System in the Village Head Election in Maburai Village, Murung Pudak District and what are the factors that hinder the Implementation of the Electronic Voting System in the Head Election Village in Maburai Village, Murung Pudak District. Based on the results of the research and discussion analysis that has been described related to the Implementation of the Electronic Voting (E-Voting) System in the Election of Village Heads in Maburai Village, Murung Pudak District, Tabalong Regency, it has been successfully implemented properly, where the implementation of e-voting in village head elections has fulfilled the principles in the implementation of e-voting namely eligibility and authentication, uniqueness, accuracy, integrity, reliability, confidentiality, flexibility, convenience, certification, and transparency, even though the indicators of cost-effectiveness have not been met but this does not affect the effective quality of the e-voting system. The inhibiting factors in the implementation of the e-voting system in the election of village heads in Maburai Village were the lack of socialization carried out by the election committee so that many people did not know at all what e-voting was and how to use it and their was intervention from parties who wanted to hinder or thwart the implementation of the system, e-voting in village head elections because it is considered that the results can be manipulated.

This article discusses identity politics in the village head election level. Studies on identity politics so far are mostly focused on elections in a government system that is in a higher concentration than a village, as in legislature and presidential elections. Attention to a similar issue in the village level is less to exist, partly because the community is generally assumed to be homogeneous. Meanwhile, in the village level, people remain plural, moreover in villages that live outside Java, where the number of tribes within communities is many. This is not to mention newcomers from the other islands. Using a case study in the Election of Village Heads in Wederok Village, Weliman Sub-district, Malacca District, East Nusa Tenggara, this research found that identity politics in village government head election play a crucial role as in the other elections, as legislature and regency head elections, even in the same tribe in the same village. This article is based on qualitative research with in-depth interviews as main data collection methods. The results showed that in the election of Wederok village head, people become divided into particular parts, mostly based on sub-tribe (kinship). The village head election involved candidates from the different tribal identities, despite the connection between them because of inter-tribe marriage. Tribe-based competition in the village head level in Wederok even led to further conflict, which needs for reconciliation.

The formulation of the problem in this study is "How does the process of the phenomenon of money politics practice occur in the election of the Village Head in Sumberejo Village, Bonang District, Demak Regency? and What are the factors that cause the phenomenon of money politics practices in the election of Village Heads in Sumberejo Village, Bonang District, Demak Regency?". The research method used in this study is Sociological Juridical, which is research that explains the phenomenon of money politics practice in the 2023 Sumberejo village head election with primary data and secondary data, namely primary data through interviews and secondary data through literature studies. The results of this study explain that the process of the phenomenon of money politics practice occurs during the candidacy or registration stage and during the campaign or election stage. Where at the registration or candidacy stage, it was found that money was given in the amount of Rp. 50,000 and at the campaign or election stage, it was found that the money giver was approximately in the range of Rp. 150,000 – Rp 200,000. Of the three candidates who registered, there were 2 candidates who practiced money politics. The factors that affect the cause of the practice of money politics are due to the educational factor, namely the lack of public understanding of the meaning of the village head election. In addition to education, there is also an economic factor because the average economy of the people of Sumberejo Village is lower class, where the election of the village head is used as a momentum to receive money from the village head candidate and there is also a cultural tradition or habit factor where the culture of money politics has become a habit and has been rooted since the time the village head election arrived.


 Cities and villages have significant differences. Village is an area where the situation and conditions are simpler and homogeneous. The village is the starting point for the development of a government where access to technology has arrived and developed in the village. The opponent of the village is the city. In cities, the situation and conditions are more complex and heterogeneous. The city is a place where the flow of change continues to develop. In order to be more balanced, equity in all fields needs to be increased between villages and cities.
 This is where the election of the village head is a form of democracy in local government (village) which is said to be considered the most real arena of democracy in the village. In the village head election there is free competition, community participation which is one of the important pillars in the implementation of village head elections and direct elections with the principle of one man one vote where the people can determine who leads through direct elections.
 This research is included in the field research (Field Research). According to Kartini Kartono, field research is research conducted in real life. Meanwhile, according to Koenjorodininingrat, field research is exploring all social aspects of a certain group or class that is still unknown. Drajat village is a village that can be considered special because in the village there is a guardian's grave, where every day there are pilgrims who come both in the city and in the city. outside the city so that the village of Drajat is also usually called the village of the guardians. In order to organize the village administration and the election of the Drajat village head, the implementation is carried out in accordance with Lamongan Regent Regulation Number 48 of 2021 concerning Simultaneous Village Head Elections in Lamongan Regency.

The village head is the highest leader of the village administration. The village head election is a democratic party. Where the village community can participate by voting to elect a village head candidate who is responsible and can develop the village. Political strategy is a procedure used in the election process as an effort to obtain opportunities to get votes in the community. The type of research used in this research is a qualitative approach. A qualitative approach is research that produces findings that cannot be achieved by using statistical procedures or by means of quantification. Qualitative research can be designed to contribute to theory, practice, policy, social issues, and action. Collecting data in this study using observation and interviews using descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques. This research was conducted in Waetele Village, Waeapo District, Buru Regency. As for the formulation of the problem in this study, namely: 1. The Political Strategy used by Candidates in Winning Village Head Elections. 2. Supporting Factors and Inhibiting Factors for the Success of Political Strategy in Village Head Elections. 3. The Impact of Political Strategy in Village Head Elections on Society. The purpose of this study is to find out: 1. The political strategy used by candidates in winning village head elections. 2. Supporting Factors and Inhibiting Factors for the Success of Political Strategy in Village Head Elections. 3. The Impact of Political Strategy in Village Head Elections on Society. The results of the study show how the political strategy for the 2022 Village Head Election is Waetele Village, Waeapo District, Buru Regency. The strategy used in winning the village head election is an offensive and defensive strategy. As for the supporting factors for the success of the political strategy are the success team, family, financial conditions and self-quality. The inhibiting factors for the success of political strategy are opponents and financial or financial conditions. The political strategy used by the candidates certainly has an impact on society, both negative and positive impacts such as friends becoming enemies and vice versa, loss of image and dignity which will impact on jobs and loss of harmony in family relationships. The positive impact is that the community will get a new leader, whose leadership is expected to bring changes in the village for the better.

This thesis is entitled "The Role of Religious Institutions in the Midst of the Conflict in the Election of the Head of Celikah Village, Kayuagung District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency". This research was motivated by the conflict during the election of the Celikah village head. The aim of this research is to determine the role of the Celikah Village P2UKD religious institution in resolving the conflict in the election of the village head as well as the factors that caused the conflict in the election of the head of the Celikah Village. The method used in this research is field research, which is qualitative research using types and sources of data supported by data collection techniques taken from objects directly in Celikah Village. The results of this research show that the role of P2UKD which was formed by the Kayuagung District Religious Affairs Office was carried out very well, by making the role of P2UKD as a forum for carrying out activities, then to achieve the vision, mission and goals of religious institutions, as a forum for the actualization of members or with other religious institutions. Furthermore, the P2UKD institution was successful in playing the role of a religious institution in Celikah Village, because P2UKD is considered sacred in Celikah Village, whatever happens in Celikah Village is always associated with P2UKD. Factors that caused conflict in the election of the Celikah Village Head included discommunication, differences in goals, differences in assessment or perception.

This study discusses Symbolic Domination (a study of the interaction of aristocratic power in village head elections in Bonto Tappalang Village, Bantaeng Regency). The aim to be achieved in this study is to find out how symbolic domination is in the interaction of aristocratic power in village head elections in Bonto Tappalang Village, Bantaeng Regency and how are the supporting and inhibiting factors of symbolic domination in the interaction of noble power in village heads. Election in Bonto Tappalang Village, Bantaeng Regency. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method. Sources of data used in this study were primary data and secondary data, the number of informants in this study were 7 people. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews and documentation. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method. Sources of data used in this study were primary data and secondary data, the number of informants in this study were 8 people. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews and documentation. The results of the discussion in this study which dominated the nomination of village heads can be achieved using 3 theories, namely Habitus, Modality, and Field or Arena. The Habitus results show that the activities carried out by the village head candidate are to behave well towards the community and must follow the traits of the noble predecessors in order to gain support from the community leadership. Furthermore, the modality results show that in order to win the contestation in the village head election, capital is needed for the elected village head candidates, namely economic capital, social capital and symbolic capital, the more capital combined, the greater the opportunity for profit . Public trusts. Then the results from the field or arena show that the elected village head candidate must have the space or place to rule in the election.

Abstract
 The rule of law and democracy carries the consequence that the actions of the government in administering the government system must be in accordance with or limited to laws and regulations and include the community as well as in the village government system. Democracy is manifested in the implementation of village head elections. Election of Village Heads is different from general elections (in general) this is seen from several things. In addition there is the dynamics of legislation related to the election of village heads so the government and the community are bound and obey the laws and regulations. Therefore it is important if the village government and the village community understand the regulation, so socialization is needed so that the same understanding occurs. Likewise with the election of village heads inVillage Prasung, Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province should be in accordance with the laws and regulations that have been enacted. However, there is a dispute related to the statutory provisions governing the election of village heads, namely the prohibition of candidates who are sentenced to imprisonment based on a court decision that has the legal force fixed for a minimum of 5 (five) years or more to nominate as a candidate for village head. However, there are exceptions when completed and announced in connection with the conviction. Therefore, there are several results of the analysis that then arise, among others, it is correct that the organizer of the election of the village head if the implementation of compliance with applicable regulations, there is less explicit meaning of the exclusion in the terms of the prohibition of the convicted or after serving a crime.
 Keywords: Socialization, Village Head Election, Rule of Law, Democracy, Village

Village Head Election is the Implementation of People's Sovereignty in the Village in order to elect someone to serve as Village Head in a direct, public, free, secret, honest and fair manner. The Village Head Election activity is not an arena of competition between Village communities but is a democratic method that is expected can give birth to leaders who are truly responsible for their positions and side with the interests of the community in the Village, but in reality the Village Head Election activities are not as good as imagined and expected because they have been colored by various negative methods from certain parties to win Candidate pairs for certain village heads, apart from money politics is so popular among the community, it turns out there is an element of pressure from political elites and the Government, it is hoped that the Village Head who will be elected can reciprocate the favor of his supporting elites in the next elections such as the Regional Head Election and the election of legislative members, with this pressure and coercion This has had implications for the emergence of social friction within the village community so that the stability and harmony of the community are divided and conflict with each other. This problem focuses on the mental reconstruction of money politics as a violation of democratic rights in intervening in village head elections. This researcher uses normative juridical research methods using primary data and secondary data with social approach methods, conseptual approach, regulatory approaches and case approaches, as supporting data with agencies. related to drawing deductive conclusions By explaining the mental politics of money in democracy as a way of thinking of people in a democracy who are healthier in using their voting rights in village head elections through Permendagri Number 112 of 2014 concerning Election of Village Heads as amended by Permendagri Number 65 of 2017 and amended by Permendagri Number 72 It is hoped that the 2020 Village Head Election will become the basis and reference for a democracy that is free, confidential, honest and fair.

This research aims to analyze the role of the younger generation and their participation in the election of village heads in Percut Sei Tuan District, Medan City. The younger generation has great potential in determining the direction of village development through their active participation in local level democratic processes. However, there are still challenges in encouraging political awareness and the interest of the younger generation to participate. This research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation studies. The research results show that the role of the younger generation in village head elections still needs to be improved, especially in the aspects of political understanding, awareness of the importance of their votes, and the initiative to get involved in various campaign activities. This research suggests that there should be more intensive political education and socialization programs so that the younger generation is more motivated to actively participate in village head elections, so that they can contribute to better village development. In analyzing how the younger generation plays a role in the process of selecting Village Heads in Percut Seituan District, Medan City. The younger generation has great potential in supporting social and political development, especially in increasing political involvement at the village level. Even so, the participation of the younger generation in the Village Head Election in Percut Seituan District is still inadequate. This occurs due to many factors, such as a lack of political awareness, minimal information about the electoral process, and limited opportunities for the younger generation to be actively involved in local politics. This research applies a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with a number of young people, village head candidates and community leaders. Research reveals that the young generation in Percut Seituan District has a great opportunity to be involved in village head elections. However, they are faced with major obstacles, namely a lack of adequate political knowledge and an apathetic attitude towards local politics. Therefore, steps need to be taken to increase political awareness among the younger generation and provide wider opportunities for them to be involved in the democratic process in the village. The active involvement of the younger generation in village head elections will increase democracy at the local level and encourage the formation of village governments that are more responsive to the needs of residents.

Implementationof Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, regulating the election of village heads simultaneously. In contrast to most post-reform studies in 1998 which analyzed village head election with a material approach or money politics. Instead this study elaborates on political strategy from the perspective of Javanese culture in village political contestation. The study begins identifying who the candidates who fought in Tanjung village head election, the extent to which a cultural approach through the idea of Javanese power effectively won the election of village heads so that research could add a variety of political strategy models to village head election and become role models in rural democracy. With qualitative methods and take case studies of Tanjung village, Pagu District, Kediri Regency. The study identified who were the candidates who fought in PilkadesTanjung village, and the extent to which spiritual resources through the idea of Javanese power and material resources effectively won the village heads election. This study concluded that all candidates for Tanjung village head using a Javanese culture-based political strategy originated from a source of spiritual power whose variation was divided into six categories: first, the Slametan ceremony at the tomb of the village founder. Secondly, pitou services come from kiai and dukun. Third, ownership of heirlooms. Fourth, pulung as a sign of power. Fifth, petungan to the Java calendar system. Sixth,luri lineage village head

Implementationof Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, regulating the election of village heads simultaneously. In contrast to most post-reform studies in 1998 which analyzed village head election with a material approach or money politics. Instead this study elaborates on political strategy from the perspective of Javanese culture in village political contestation. The study begins identifying who the candidates who fought in Tanjung village head election, the extent to which a cultural approach through the idea of Javanese power effectively won the election of village heads so that research could add a variety of political strategy models to village head election and become role models in rural democracy. With qualitative methods and take case studies of Tanjung village, Pagu District, Kediri Regency. The study identified who were the candidates who fought in PilkadesTanjung village, and the extent to which spiritual resources through the idea of Javanese power and material resources effectively won the village heads election. This study concluded that all candidates for Tanjung village head using a Javanese culture-based political strategy originated from a source of spiritual power whose variation was divided into six categories: first, the Slametan ceremony at the tomb of the village founder. Secondly, pitou services come from kiai and dukun. Third, ownership of heirlooms. Fourth, pulung as a sign of power. Fifth, petungan to the Java calendar system. Sixth,luri lineage village head Keywords: Java Power,Contestant, Democracy,“Pilkades”