Abstract
The concept of pre-metastatic niche (PMN) is the process of a tumour preparing the microenvironment at a future metastatic site to facilitate the survival of disseminated tumour cells. The ability to produce a pro-inflammatory response is paramount to prevent the establishment of a PMN. We postulate that establishment of PMN is modulated by specific cytokines and the transcription factor STAT3. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the expression of cytokines interleukin (IL) 22, IL23, IL17 and STAT3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in lymph nodes with or without metastatic OSCC. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were obtained from the Oral Cancer Research Coordinating Centre, University of Malaya, Malaysia. Samples were divided into two groups; 1) OSCC positive cervical lymph nodes with histological evidence of metastasis and 2) OSCC negative cervical lymph nodes without histological evidence of metastasis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out to detect protein expression of IL17, IL22, IL23 and STAT3 using anti-human antibodies. Gene expression was performed using real time polymerase chain reaction to validate the results. Findings IHC results showed that expression of IL22, IL23 and STAT3 was significantly higher in negative nodes when compared with the positive group (p Conclusion The results suggest that there may be downstream evidence of PMN establishment in OSCC negative lymph nodes, modulated mainly by IL22, IL23 and STAT3.
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