Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased resistance in the pulmonary arterioles as a result of remodeled blood vessels. We sought to establish the baseline level of PAH by assembling all available epidemiologic data on population-based prevalence, incidence, and one-year survival of PAH as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Methods: We performed a systematic review searching Global Index Medicus (GIM) for key words related to PAH between 1980 and 2021, and identified population-representative sources of prevalence, incidence, and mortality for clinically diagnosed PAH. Results: Of 6,772 identified we found 65 with population-level data: 17 for prevalence, 17 for incidence, and 58 reporting case fatality. Reported prevalence ranged from 0.37 cases/100,000 persons in a referral center of French children to 150 cases/100,000 persons in an Australian echocardiography study. Reported incidence ranged from 0.008 cases/100,000 person-years in a study of hospital discharge records in Finland, to 1.4 cases/100,000 person-years in a retrospective chart review at a clinic in Utah, USA. Reported one-year survival ranged from 67% to 99%. All studies with sex-specific estimates reported higher levels in females than males. Studies varied in their size, study design, diagnostic criteria, and sampling procedures. Conclusions: Reported PAH prevalence, incidence, and mortality varied by location and study. Prevalence ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 per 100,000 persons. Harmonization of methods for PAH registries would improve efforts at disease surveillance. Results of this search contribute to ongoing efforts to quantify the global burden of PAH.
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