Exploring the potential role of green-oriented Islamic agricultural financing in national food security: empirical insights from Indonesia

Indonesia’s national food security is still in an unstable condition. Indonesia is currently a food-importing country. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the six pillars of global food security in Indonesia. To achieve the objectives of this study, a systematic literature review method was used. The data used were 254 scientific articles sourced from the Scopus database. To review the articles, the Vosviewer application was used. The results of the study reveal that food availability, food access, food utilization, food stability, food agency, and food sustainability are the six main pillars that must exist in every country to support their food security. This research contributes to two main things. First, the description of the six pillars of food security contributes to the development of the roadmap of Food Security. Second, the description of the six pillars of food security acts as the direction of Indonesia’s food policy. However, in this study, the articles used were only sourced from the Scopus and Mendeley databases, so the findings of this study have not comprehensively described the issue of the six pillars of global food security in Indonesia. Future research needs to use scientific articles sourced from other reputable international databases, such as the Web of Science and Pilaronds Scholars.

The state guarantees sufficient food for every citizen as regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Food availability is highly dependent on the existence of sustainable food agricultural lands. The conversion is the cause of food agricultural land decrease. Unmet food needs will then affect national food security. The problem in this research is the effect of granting permits for the conversion of productive agricultural land into residential land and its relation to food security in Indonesia. This legal research uses a normative juridical approach. Data was collected through a literature review and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that agricultural land is decreasing every year due to its conversion into residential and infrastructural lands for the public interest. In the end, with insufficient food needs, national food security is diminished. In conclusion, permits to convert sustainable food agricultural lands should only be given on the condition. The recommendation of this research is for the regional government, the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ASP/NLA), and Notary/Land Deed Official to work collaboratively in providing information on the impact of agricultural land conversion on the sustainability of food availability.

The purpose of the study is to review the academic literature on food security issues in order to examine the indicators of rational and minimal nutrition, facilitating the analysis of the existing system of indicators by which to assess the state of the food security system in a country. The aim of the article is to investigate and demonstrate the imperatives behind the formation of Ukraine’s national (food) security in the context of globalization. National food security in the broad sense should be considered as the state of the economy, and more narrowly – as the guaranteed ability of a state to meet the needs of the population by providing each citizen with the required volume, range and quality of food at a level that ensures the health and intellectual development of the individual, based on the principles of self-sufficiency of basic products and their economic and physical accessibility, regardless of the influence of external and internal factors. The Global Food Security Index Ranks of the European Union and Ukraine are analyzed. Consumer expenditure on food consumed at home in Ukraine is analyzed in the article. Average food security indicators of the EU and Ukraine are analyzed for 2001–2018, in particular for food exports, food imports, food production index, food, beverages and tobacco. The dynamics and forecasts of wheat and maize harvest and crop production in Ukraine and the EU are compared. The analysis of the Suite of Food Security Indicators of the EU and Ukraine is presented alongside a comprehensive analysis of the multifactor regression model of Food Production Index from foreign direct investment, net inflows, GDP growth, GNI per capita growth, short-term debt, tax revenue, total natural resources rents, and trade. The analysis has shown that for the analysis of the food production index it is effective to build a regression model, because it allows not only to estimate the degree of influence of the factor on the result, but also to most effectively predict the size of the food production index for the future.

Ensuring food security is the main issue in solving socio-political problems. The severity and scale of poor-quality nutrition of the world's population are justified by socio-economic factors, which allows us to understand the directions of its solution. Uncontrolled food production and consumption can lead to a catastrophe for humanity. In modern conditions of high uncertainty on world markets in general, on food markets in particular, the intensification of global problems such as climate change and the spread of the pandemic, as well as the conditions in which Russia is placed today in international trade and economic relations, the problem of food security is becoming more urgent than ever before. Food security is one of the strategic components of the national security of the state, the provision of which is defined as the main priority of the agrarian policy of Russia. Only the development of own production will ensure food independence. Of particular importance is the achievement of the maximum level of food security of the country as a result of the substitution of imports of critically important food, as well as everything necessary for their production. Agriculture and the food industry play a decisive role in ensuring food security. The consequences of the pandemic have affected the provision of regional and national food security: the problem of economic accessibility of food has worsened due to a sharp drop in consumer incomes and rising unemployment; the culture of food consumption has changed; a shortage of food has formed, artificially created by consumers themselves due to the general hype; the stop of active export-import operations due to the closure of borders It has led to the complication of logistics chains and a sharp increase in food prices. Within the framework of the study, the scientific and educational component of ensuring global, national and regional food security was studied: the main problems in the field of vocational training and retraining of specialists of processing industries in new crisis conditions were identified, a list of promising areas for the development of scientific directions with subsequent application of the results in the agro-industrial complex industry, as well as the necessary technologies for deep processing of food raw materials needed to increase the level of regional and national food security. A number of recommendations are proposed to ensure effective interaction of scientific, scientific and educational organizations, enterprises of the real sector of the economy and the administration of the Voronezh region.

National Food Security in Indonesia faces threats from agricultural land conversion, especially with a projected 324.05 million population by 2045 and only 5.2 million ha of paddy fields left. Policy and community involvement are essential to curb land conversion and sustain food production. While regulations exist, their implementation remains suboptimal due to community support for land conversion to housing. This study delves into public participation's role in agricultural land conversion for food security. It employs two approaches: a statutory approach to understand regulations and a case approach to study their practical application. Data sources encompass laws, regulations, literature, and documents on Indonesian agriculture and food security. Factors driving land conversion include economic challenges like low incentives and high production costs, societal perceptions deeming farming less prestigious, a rising population, increased land values near cities, and irrigation water shortages. To combat land conversion, the strategy advocates for active stakeholder involvement, emphasizing community participation in planning, execution, monitoring, and evaluation. This approach, backed by legal analysis, aims to effectively thwart land conversion and preserve agricultural lands. Keywords: land conversion; national food security; agriculture.

Food security in Indonesia has become a central issue in agricultural development and national development. The problem of food and food security cannot be separated from the context of rice. This is because rice is a staple food consumed by almost all Indonesians. Thus, the availability of rice is an important factor in strengthening national food security. The level of national food security, regional food security must be followed by the achievement of the level of resilience of villages, households and individuals. The role and performance of rice agribusiness institutions are important in the effort to achieve household food security for rice farmers. The objectives of this research are: 1) to analyze the food security level of farmers household; 2) to identify the determinants of food security level; 3) identifying the level of food security with the institutional performance of rice agribusiness. The results of this study indicate that the level of household food security is categorized as food resistance, the determinants of the level of food security are influenced by the number of family members and the income of rice farming. The food resistance category was followed by the institutional performance of PT. Pusri is very good, PT. Pertani is good, Bank of BRI is good, and farmer group institutions are moderate.

Plant genetic resources (PGR) with high genetic diversity are valuable assets as the basis of global and national food security. This review article provides a comprehensive review about harnessing PGR through the application of biotechnology for food self-sufficiency in general and was addressed in Indonesia. Some topics concerning the challenge of food self-sufficiency related to the status of PGR in Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development-Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development Gene Bank (IAARD-ICABIOGRAD Gene Bank), the utilization of PGR in Indonesia, relevant biotechnology to harness PGR, supporting national legislation for national and global levels, and the future perspective were discussed. Many challenges including climate change, land degradation, increasing human population, and biodiversity loss have been attempted and need a high effort to achieve sustainable food production today. In a conservation perspective, PGR in the country was predominantly for research and breeding that are a complement to the propagation and cultivation. Considering its potential role in food security, a total of 30 crops are conserved ex situ by IAARD-ICABIOGRAD Gene Bank which is assigned to manage the germplasm and some other crop-based research institutes. An effective crop genetic improvement through implementation and application of biotechnology should be raised through basis and advance researches in vitro and molecular biology such as gene and genomic technologies and other omics, genetic engineering including genome editing would expectedly increase the utilization of PGR. As consequence, some governmental policy framework and laws are important support for national PGR program to harness PGR in Indonesia. Therefore, it will be a major opportunity that biotechnological approaches will be incorporated into the national agricultural program in complement with national legislation to food security in Indonesia.

Food security has become a global issue, and represents the first of the Sustainable Development Goals, which is zero hunger. Many countries, including Indonesia, have set food security as the central policy on their development agenda. There has been some research into food security issues, but primarily this has no spatial context. This research identifies spatial clusters—high-high, low-low, high-low, and low-high—across four food security measures: the Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas, the Dietary Diversity Score, the Food Variety Score, and the Calorie Intake. It explores 514 districts in Indonesia for 2019 using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA, Global Moran’s I) and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). The data for measuring food security come from SUSENAS (the National Socio-Economic Survey), Statistics of Indonesia and the National Food Agency. The research reveals the presence of regional food security in Indonesia. Eastern Indonesia faces challenges from food insecurity issues. The LISA result shows that there are low-low clusters in eastern Indonesia because of geographical isolation, poor economic performance, and a lack of infrastructure. Conversely, high clusters in western Indonesia, especially in Java Island, benefit from favorable agricultural conditions, a robust infrastructure, and diverse food markets. High-low clusters highlight that there are urban centers with better food access amidst less secure areas, while low-high clusters face economic and logistical challenges despite being near food-secure regions. This local analysis offers nuanced insights beyond the results of a standard ESDA, emphasizing the need for tailored policies to address regional disparities. Future research should explore the determinants of food security using spatial and non-spatial econometric approaches and should apply convergence analysis to identify the factors driving prosperous regions, providing benchmarks for enhancing food security across all districts.

The article substantiates the relevance of the study of the current state of ensuring food security under martial law and its problems and prospects. It is determined that an adequate food security system in the country should provide the population with the necessary food based on the national agro-industrial complex. The state's food security is an essential component of the overall economic security, which is also part of the country's public security. The indicators by which it is possible to assess the state's food security degree are allocated. The authors found that modern research on food security is limited to the problems of its provision in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, the current situation requires further scientific development. The conditions and measures to ensure the food security of our state are determined. During the study, it was noted that modern national and global food security systems are very vulnerable to the impact of crises: armed conflicts, deliberate blocking of the supply of agricultural products to foreign markets by the aggressor country, rising world prices, and crop failures. In addition, it was noted that food can also become the basis for blackmail of the world community by the aggressor. The paper analyzes the losses caused to the agricultural sector as a result of the full-scale Russian invasion and their consequences for Ukraine and the countries of the world. It was found that the Government of Ukraine, to ensure national food security, has prepared an action plan to ensure food security under martial law and created a National Food Security Platform. The study gives grounds to assert that despite the military aggression of the Russian Federation and significant losses of material, economic, and labor resources, Ukraine can ensure its food security and remains an essential exporter of the food security of many countries. The need for joint concerted efforts of the world community to counter the aggressor to ensure national and global food security is also determined. Keywords: food security, economy, production system, agricultural products, exports, imports, risks, martial law.

Food security is a key target of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aiming to end hunger and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030. This study examines the role of agricultural financing under a dual banking system comprising Islamic and conventional banks in enhancing food security across 10 provinces in Sumatra from 2019 to 2023. Using panel regression analysis, the results indicated that agricultural financing from both Islamic and conventional banks has a significant, positive impact on food security in the region, highlighting the importance of bank-based financing in supporting agricultural productivity and food availability. In addition, agricultural labor, the Human Development Index (HDI), and the Farmer Exchange Rate (FER significantly contribute to improving food security across Sumatra. These findings suggest that expanding and strengthening agricultural financing portfolios within both Islamic and conventional banking systems can effectively support government efforts to enhance national food security and promote sustainable agricultural development. Overall, this study provides policy-relevant evidence on the importance of an inclusive agricultural financing framework in strengthening food security across Sumatra.

Background: Food security is a major concern in Indonesia’s economy, influenced by agricultural productivity, food prices, and population growth. Instability in food supply and price fluctuations threaten national food security. An Islamic economic perspective offers additional insights, emphasizing justice and equitable food distribution.Aims: This study aims to analyze the impact of agricultural productivity, food prices (especially rice), and population size on Indonesia’s food security from 2013 to 2022, using an Islamic economic framework to generate policy recommendations for sustainable food security.Methods: A quantitative approach is used with time-series data from BPS and related sources. The study employs the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to examine both short- and long-term dynamics among the variables: agricultural productivity, rice prices, population size, and the food security index.Results: In the short term, agricultural productivity negatively affects food security due to yield instability. Higher rice prices positively impact food security by encouraging local production and competitiveness. Population growth, however, reduces food security by increasing demand. In the long term, both agricultural productivity and rice prices negatively affect food security, while population size shows a positive impact, possibly due to labor supply and market expansion. Conclusion: The study concludes that agricultural productivity, food prices, and population size influence food security in Indonesia differently in the short and long term. From an Islamic economic perspective, sustainable food security can be achieved through equitable welfare and fair distribution of food. Policies that promote increased agricultural productivity, food price stabilization, and sustainable population management are essential to ensuring sufficient food availability for all sectors of society. Therefore, the government must formulate policies that are more adaptive to demographic and economic changes to maintain Indonesia's food security.

Background: Indonesia, as the world's largest archipelagic country, holds vast marine resources crucial for national food security. However, the increasing fish consumption coupled with unsustainable fishing practices has led to overfishing, impacting marine ecosystems and food security. To address this, a measured fishing policy is essential to optimize fish harvest while ensuring marine sustainability. Methods: This study employs a qualitative descriptive analysis method through a literature review approach. It examines concepts related to food security, the Blue Economy, and the implementation of measured fishing policies. Data are collected from scientific references, national policies, and international regulations to identify control instruments and develop comprehensive policy recommendations. Findings: The findings indicate that measured fishing, characterized by regulated fishing quotas, vessel numbers, and fishing zones, is effective in preventing overfishing while ensuring food security. The strategy includes setting quotas aligned with ecosystem capacity, managing vessel numbers, establishing integrated monitoring systems, and optimizing non-tax state revenue (PNBP). Additionally, empowering small-scale fishers and ensuring inter-sectoral synergy are crucial for sustainable fisheries management. Conclusion: Measured fishing policies significantly contribute to national food security by balancing economic growth and marine ecosystem sustainability. The implementation of this policy enhances fish resource management and supports the welfare of coastal communities. Novelty: This study offers a comprehensive framework for measured fishing policy as a strategic solution to overfishing, integrating sustainable practices with economic empowerment. It also highlights the role of Blue Economy principles in supporting Indonesia's food security and sustainable marine resource management.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the 'One Stop Learning' innovation at Rumah Kedelai Grobogan (RKG) and its impact on strengthening food security in Indonesia, considering the high national demand for soybeans and the dependency on imports. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, incorporating secondary data analysis, stakeholder interviews, and field observations. The findings reveal that the 'One Stop Learning' innovation at RKG has significantly boosted local soybean production from 10,709 tons in 2020 to 34,603 tons in 2022. Additionally, this innovation has fostered the growth of small and medium enterprises involved in tofu and tempeh production and increased the number of soybean seed breeders. The study is limited to data from Grobogan Regency and may not be generalizable to other regions in Indonesia with different agricultural conditions. Future research could explore multiple regions and use a longitudinal approach to assess long-term impacts. The practical implications of the 'One Stop Learning' model at RKG provide a replicable framework for other regions in Indonesia to enhance local soybean production and reduce reliance on genetically modified imported soybeans. This model also promotes an integrated agribusiness ecosystem from upstream to downstream processes. This study offers insights into how integrated educational and innovative approaches in agribusiness can strengthen national food security, with the 'One Stop Learning' approach supporting national food security. Keywords: innovation, one stop learning, food security, rumah kedelai grobogan, local soybean production. Abstrak Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah menganalisis inovasi 'One Stop Learning' di Rumah Kedelai Grobogan (RKG) terhadap penguatan ketahanan pangan di Indonesia, mengingat tingginya permintaan nasional akan kedelai dan ketergantungan pada impor. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, menggabungkan analisis data sekunder, wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan, dan observasi lapangan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa inovasi 'One Stop Learning' di RKG secara signifikan meningkatkan produksi kedelai lokal dari 10.709 ton pada tahun 2020 menjadi 34.603 ton pada tahun 2022. Selain itu, inovasi ini telah mendorong pertumbuhan usaha kecil dan menengah yang terlibat dalam produksi tahu dan tempe, serta meningkatkan jumlah penangkar benih kedelai. Penelitian ini terbatas pada data dari Kabupaten Grobogan dan mungkin tidak dapat digeneralisasikan ke daerah lain di Indonesia dengan kondisi pertanian yang berbeda. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat mengeksplorasi beberapa wilayah dan menggunakan pendekatan longitudinal untuk menilai dampak jangka panjang. Implikasi Praktis model 'One Stop Learning' di RKG menyediakan kerangka kerja yang dapat direplikasi oleh daerah lain di Indonesia untuk meningkatkan produksi kedelai lokal dan mengurangi ketergantungan pada kedelai impor yang dimodifikasi secara genetik. Model ini juga mendorong ekosistem agribisnis yang terintegrasi dari proses hulu ke hilir. Studi ini menawarkan wawasan tentang pendekatan pendidikan dan inovasi yang terintegrasi dalam agribisnis dapat memperkuat ketahanan pangan nasional pendekatan 'One Stop Learning' mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional Kata kunci: inovasi, one stop learning, ketahanan pangan, rumah kedelai grobogan, produksi kedelai lokal.

Food Security in Indonesia: Current Challenges and the Long-Run Outlook

Food Security in Indonesia: Current Challenges and the Long-Run Outlook