Exploring the Potential of an AI-based Recruitment System for Industry 4.0 Landscape: A Surveybased Study

Gender disparity on the board of Indian IT companies is a continuing saga despite the Indian Companies Act, 2013 mandating at least one-woman director in the executive position of public listed companies. Women in India are leaders of varied sectors of businesses and on top leadership positions except in IT companies. This study has found that 14 out of 25 leading IT companies in India has, got not more than two women on the board of directors. It has also been found that the reasons for said nomination are due to the statutory compulsion to have women on board. Information technology companies are responsible for innovation, business growth, transformation and diversification. Strategic leadership is the key for IT companies to achieve the above-stated objectives. Inclusiveness in the economic reforms is possible when women are given adequate representation in entrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship and leadership positions in all sectors of industries. This study aims at examining the causes of the inadequate representation of women in Indian IT companies. Paper has examined the following issues to analyse the above-stated proposition: (a) How far the Indian IT industry has contributed to the empowerment of Indian women? (b) Whether the employment terms and recruitment policies of IT companies are sufficient to ensure the security of tenure and promotion to women employees and do it incentives women employees’ contribution towards innovation in their respective companies? (c) What are the factors contributing to women taking up leadership positions in Non-IT Industries? (d) Whether family commitments are the reasons for women in the IT sector to decline leadership positions or whether male domination is a cause for women to be backward in IT companies’ leadership positions? (e) Should mandatory reservation of adequate percentage of seats for women in administration be uniformly applied also for employment of women in the IT sector and how far the practice followed in developed jurisdictions need to be incorporated under the Indian lawLaw? Enrolment of women in IT and business education is on par with their counterparts. Since women occupying leadership positions is negligible, the paper examines the challenges and proposes solutions to ensure gender equitable reforms in the leadership roles of Indian IT companies. Data related to board composition and shareholding patterns of Indian IT companies are looked into and analysed to identify whether women possess capital or management control in the Indian IT companies. To critique the role of women in other sectors of employment with that of the IT companies, data collected from the National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and Indian government-sponsored schemes are considered. The data are also collected from various sources such as SustainabilitySustainability Reports of Wipro, Infosys, HCL, Dell, Accenture, Tata, Human Development Index (HDI), United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). The data compiled reflect the factors that affect women’s career progression in the Indian IT sector. This study has found that there is an absolute imbalance in terms of gender diversity on the boards of Indian IT companies. Reasons for the same are as follows: 1. Women who have excelled in technological education are not willing to take up leadership positions in IT companies due to the challenges and risksRisk involved in this specific sector, 2. Family commitments and health issues are not conducive for women to dedicate the required time in managing corporate boards of IT companies, 3. Joint families and a patriarchal Indian system limits woman to undertake employment, 4. Women with liberal outlook and merit are not preferred as a choice by male leaders of IT companies due to the fact that they never want to be led by women, 5. The upskilling programmes organized by IT companies to their women employees are not sufficiently focused to promote women to leadership positions and 6. Excess share qualification for directorship prescribed by listed public companies is an impediment for women to be considered for executive positions. Paper suggests strategies and policies for the promotion of women employees to executive positions and ensuring the disclosure of diversity of corporate boards as a prerequisite to listing its shares. Secondly, it proposes to amend Companies Act, 2013 to prescribe a higher number of mandatory appointments of women on board to make it mandatory for women to be part of committees of the board mandated under the Companies Act. Thirdly, it proposes that the B-Schools admission policies should increase the intake of women candidates for management programmes so that they would possess the adequate competency to govern corporate boards of Indian IT companies.

Insurance companies are in the business of taking risks. Worldwide these companies write policies that deal with specific risks, and in many cases, even underwrite exotic risks. Therefore, obtaining coverage for every insurable risk is being replaced by the risk management concept. Risk management, which includes insurance coverage, is intended to minimise the costs associated with assuming certain types of risk and providing prudent protection. Managing risks is an important factor which insurance companies must attend to, if they are to achieve financial performance. From this perspective, the financial risk management has gained due importance for financial institutions and risk management has become one of the most important practices to be used especially in insurance companies in order to get higher returns. Therefore, this study is endeavoured to ascertain the relationship between financial risk and financial performance of insurance companies in India. The results of the multiple linear regression model reveals that capital management risk, solvency risk, liquidity risk, volume of capital and size of company are most important determinants of financial performance of life insurance companies in India, whereas ROA (proxy measure for financial performance) has statistically insignificant relationship with underwriting risk. The study led to the conclusion that 54.7 percent changes in financial performance of life insurance companies in India could be accounted for by changes in capital management risk, solvency risk, liquidity risk, underwriting risk, size of the company and volume of capital. The study established the fact that risks like capital management risk, solvency risk and underwriting risk are the deterrent factors for the financial performance of life insurance companies in India. The study also led to the conclusion that size of a company, volume of capital and more surprisingly liquidity risk are the pull factors for the financial performance of life insurance companies. On the basis of these findings, the study recommends that there is greater need for life insurance companies in India to manage the risks particularly capital management risk and solvency risk more effectively. The study also recommends that there is a dire need for insurance companies in India to increase their size by enhancing their assets base since it was found that size is an important factor influencing their competitive power and financial performance.

The study aimed to determine the opinions of teacher candidates in the fourth year of Computer Education & Instructional Technologies department (CEIT) on the Problems Experienced by Information Technology (IT) Teachers and Suggested Solutions and it has been designed in case study routine taking place within qualitative research tradition and in a longitudinal survey model. The final year IT teacher candidates receiving education in Ankara University Educational Sciences Faculty CEIT department in academic years 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 have formed the study group of the research (N=123). The data obtained in the research by open-end questionnaire have been analysed and interpreted by inductive encoding technique, freuency analysis and descriptive content analysis. At the end of the study carried out, it has been determined that the IT teacher candidates have handled in two sub-dimensions the problems experienced by the IT teachers, these being, problems towards the courses the IT teachers attend and problems regarding the professional lives of IT teachers and suggested solutions in line with these. The leading problems towards the courses the IT teachers attend are that the courses are optional, the courses are grade-free, the course hours are few, the significance of IT not being comprehended very well by the executives, teachers, parents and students, inadequacy of physical means of IT classes and references of the course. And, the main problems regarding professional lives of IT course teachers are the duty, power and responsibility of IT teachers not made clear enough, difficulties in formative teacher practice, course hours which have to be completed by IT teachers not being able to be completed and problem of permanent staff, the courses that must be attended by IT teachers being taugth by teachers from other branches, lack of executives and experts trained from a field to supervise IT and formative teachers. And, the suggested leading solutions of participants on the problems experienced are that the duty, power and responsibility of IT teachers have to be made clear and some regulations must be made towards IT courses. Moreover, in the study, the teacher candidates have reported that the FATİH project started to be applied could be a chance to overcome such problems

This research reports findings of a multisector study of Indian manufacturing companies. It included four industry sectors, that is, automobile, electronics, machinery and process. Responses from 257 manufacturing managers are analysed and presented. It is observed that Indian companies are investing more in 'administrative AMT' to simplify the system; 'indirect AMT' is their second preferred choice to integrate the various systems, and finally to automate the manufacturing systems the companies are investing in 'direct AMT'. It seems Indian manufacturing companies follow Simplify ? Integrate ? Automate (SIA) model.

Purpose: To understand Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) communication made through the use of sustainability reports and to compare the CSR communication made by the Indian Companies and the Multinational Companies (MNCs) through the medium of sustainability reports. Design/Methodology/Approach: Sustainability reports of the top 100 companies operating in the Information and Technology sector in India were taken and content analysis techniques of visual communication were used to compare the performance of the Indian and the MNCs in terms of CSR disclosure. Further, guidelines stated by the Global Reporting Initiatives (GRT) were taken as a measure of comparison to gauge the standardization of the sustainability reports published by the Indian companies and the MNCs. Findings: The total number of Indian companies in the IT sector publishing sustainability reports is few but the quality of reports is of global standards and the international benchmarks stated by GRI are achieved by a larger percentage of the Indian companies as against the MNCs operating in India in the IT sector. Research Limitations/Implications: The paper considers the sustainability reports only and no other medium of CSR communication. The study is limited to the companies operating in the IT sector only. Originality/Value: Sustainability reports as a medium of CSR communication is highly ignored and therefore the findings will supplement and enhance the understanding of CSR communication.

Artificial Intelligence playing an important role in IT recruitment. In recent days most of the IT companies giving importance to AI to ensure and effective recruitment process to select an efficient and qualified people. The present paper analyses the role of AI i.e., Artificial Intelligence in IT companies. The present analysis selected three top IT companies in India and examined the role of AI in their recruitment process. The papers examined the different factors which are linking to both recruitment process and IT industry. The present paper collected the opinions of employees working in three different companies and evaluated the importance of AI in recruitment process in IT industry.

The benefits of Global Software Development are now well known and India currently has the lion’s share in outsourced offshore software development. As a result, the demand for skilled IT professionals is increasing in India. In order to meet the demand, new academic institutes are being established and the existing ones are increasing their intake in IT-related courses. However, according to the latest report of the National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) in India, only 25% of the fresh graduates are considered readily employable by the IT industry. To undertake their jobs effectively, most of the companies provide training to fresh recruits before putting them on actual jobs. In order to understand the nature of the training that is conducted, the topics that are covered, and the adequacy of the preparatory education for the first job in the IT industry, two surveys were administered. One was conducted with human resource managers of some of the leading IT companies in India and another was conducted with fresh company recruits. The findings are reported in this paper and recommendations for the curriculum are proposed.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to empirically examine firm-specific factors that influence the financing decisions of companies listed on BSE-500 index. Firm-specific variables such as profitability, company size, growth potential, liquidity, non-debt tax shields, age and tangibility were evaluated in this study.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical research is performed using longitudinal data of 366 companies listed on the BSE 500 index during 2006–2020. Pooled ordinary least square method is employed to classify primary determinants of capital structure.FindingsThe results show that profitability, liquidity and non-debt tax shield are negatively associated whereas, company size, growth potential, age and tangibility are positively associated with the capital structure. The authors’ observations are aligned with either the trade-off hypothesis or the principle of the pecking order.Research limitations/implicationsThis study helps to better understand how firm-specific factors play a vital part in deciding the capital structure of businesses and makes a significant contribution to the literature. Thus, the present study examines the drivers of the capital structure among sample Indian companies, which allow firm managers and regulators to recognise relevant variables that optimise performance. This study is limited to Indian companies and only firm-specific variables were considered.Originality/valueThe current research focuses on the impact of firm-specific variables upon the financing decisions of Indian companies. In the background of developed countries, numerous studies in this field have been carried out. In the Indian context, however, there are not many researches in this area. However, the existing studies use one or two ordinary least square (OLS) models, resulting in a lack of thorough research and robust results. To address this gap in the analysis, the current study used four models and used a 15-year time frame, as well as a bigger sample size, which was not used in earlier investigations.

     The paper presents an analysis of the concepts of "information technology", "Information Technologies in Education", "Information technology education", "computer technology", "New Information Technologies", "New Information Technologies in Education". Found that the most common concept in this list is the concept of "information technology" as a set of methods and technical means for collecting, processing, storing, processing, transmission and presentation of data. Slightly narrower in this context, the concept of "new information technologies," which mandates the involvement of computer and other technical means to work with data. The emphasis on the learning process of information technology requires detailed terms "Information Technologies in Education" and "New Information Technologies in Education", which are defined as involvement of information technology and accordingly, including the technical means to create new perceptions and knowledge transfer, evaluation studies and all-round development of the individual in the educational process. Along with these terms also used such as "information technology training," which denotes a set of training and educational materials, and technical tools for educational purposes, as well as the system of scientific knowledge about their role and place in the educational process. Meanwhile, the term "information technology" encompasses all these concepts, so in a broad sense can be used to denote any signified concepts.     As an extension of the term "information technology", the term information and communication technologies (ICT), and "information technology education", understood as educational technology using special methods, software and hardware to work with information and "ICT training "- as IT training focused on the use of computer communications networks for solving instructional problems or their fragments. Taking into account tasks, such as creating methodical maintenance of discipline "Methods of teaching educational sector" Mathematics "" using computers, the authors use the term "information technology", follow the definition of information technologies M. Zhaldak, IT training Zakharova I. and see their possible implementation in class presentations through the use of lectures; at workshops – by presentations prepared by the teacher and presentations prepared by the students, and through the use of computer control tests; during independent work possible use of teaching aids in electronic media and educational computer tests.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of programming with Scratch on the views of preservice Information Technology (IT) teachers towards computer programming. The study sample consisted of 151 preservice IT teachers who took an elective course including a Scratch module in the 2013–14 academic year. Three online questionnaires (Personal Information Questionnaire, The Computer Programming Self‐Efficacy Scale and The Computer Programming Learning Attitude Scale) were used to gather the quantitative data and focus group interviews were conducted to collect the qualitative data regarding the preservice IT teachers’ views in more detail. According to the results, there were significant increases in the mean of the preservice IT teachers’ self‐efficacy perceptions regarding almost all complex programming tasks after their Scratch programming experience. The results also showed that the preservice IT teachers’ negative attitudes towards programming decreased significantly and programming in the Scratch platform had significantly positive effects on the preservice IT teachers’ attitudes regarding some items in the scale.

A Comparative Study of Economic and Market Value Added of IT Sector Companies in India

L&T InfoTech is one of the fastest growing Information Technology companies in India. Founded in 1997, as an Indian IT company, L&T InfoTech has it's headquarters at Mumbai, Maharashtra and is owned by Larsen & Toubro. L&T InfoTech offers its services to various industries like Banking and financial services, Communication and media technology, Insurance, Manufacturing, Retail, Hi-tech, Consumer Goods & Distribution, Energy Resources & Utilities, Life Science & Health Care, Public Services, Travel, Transportation, and Hospitality. L&T InfoTech is an Information Technology service provider offering business solutions with latest innovative ideas and technology to needy customers around the world. L&T is one of the top 10 listed companies in India. This paper throws light on various aspects which made L&T InfoTech a unique company with its innovative service offers through its slogan ‘Welcome to Possible’ to various industries and industry sectors. This case study paper also discusses the strategy of L&T InfoTech while providing services for different sectors like Banking, Insurance, Energy and Utilities, CPG & Retail, Hi-tech, Life Science and Healthcare, Media and Entertainment, and Manufacturing. In this case study, we have analysed the operational strategy, business strategy, financial stability, marketing mix, competitors, training, and recruitment strategy of the company briefly using Theory A. We have also studied the CSR procedure of the company and analyzed its strategies using SWOT framework as research case study.

L&T InfoTech is one of the fastest growing Information Technology companies in India. Founded in 1997, as an Indian IT company, L&T InfoTech has it's headquarters at Mumbai, Maharashtra and is owned by Larsen & Toubro. L&T InfoTech offers its services to various industries like Banking and financial services, Communication and media technology, Insurance, Manufacturing, Retail, Hi-tech, Consumer Goods & Distribution, Energy Resources & Utilities, Life Science & Health Care, Public Services, Travel, Transportation, and Hospitality. L&T InfoTech is an Information Technology service provider offering business solutions with latest innovative ideas and technology to needy customers around the world. L&T is one of the top 10 listed companies in India. This paper throws light on various aspects which made L&T InfoTech a unique company with its innovative service offers through its slogan ‘Welcome to Possible’ to various industries and industry sectors. This case study paper also discusses the strategy of L&T InfoTech while providing services for different sectors like Banking, Insurance, Energy and Utilities, CPG & Retail, Hi-tech, Life Science and Healthcare, Media and Entertainment, and Manufacturing. In this case study, we have analysed the operational strategy, business strategy, financial stability, marketing mix, competitors, training, and recruitment strategy of the company briefly using Theory A. We have also studied the CSR procedure of the company and analyzed its strategies using SWOT framework as research case study

Purpose – Supply chain structure, characteristics, and applicable policies differ between developing and developed countries. While most supply chain management research is directed toward supply chains in developed countries, the authors wish to explore the financial impact of disruptions on supply chains in a developing country. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of effective supply chain management practices that could help avoid or mitigate disruptions in Indian companies. The authors study the stock market impact of supply chain disruptions in Indian companies. The authors also aim to understand the difference in financial implications from disruptions between companies in India and the USA. Design/methodology/approach – Event study methodology is applied on supply chain disruptions data from Indian companies. The data are compiled from public news release in Indian press. A data set of 301 disruptions for a ten-year period from 2003-2012 is analyzed. Stock valuation of a company is used to assess the financial impact. Findings – The results show that Indian companies on average lose −2.88 percent of shareholder wealth in an 11-day window covering the event day and five days pre- and post-disruption announcement. A significant stock decline was observed as early as three days prior to announcement, indicating possibility of insider trading and information differentials between investors. Irrespective of the location and responsibility of a disruption, companies experience significant negative returns. Company size, book-to-market ratio, and debt-to-equity ratio were found to be insignificant in affecting the stock market reactions to disruptions. The authors also compiled supply chain disruptions data for US companies. When compared to the US companies, Indian companies register a significantly higher stock decline in the event of a disruption. Research limitations/implications – Supply chain disruptions data from India and the USA are analyzed. Broad applicability of results across countries may require studying other developing countries. The research demonstrates potential effectiveness of investment in supply chain management initiatives. It also motivates research focussed specifically on supply chains in developing countries. Practical implications – Supply chain decision makers in India could benefit from investment in disruptions management and mitigation practices. The results provide a valuation of effective supply chain management. The findings provide guidance for investors in making decisions when supply chains face disruptions. Originality/value – The paper studies the financial consequences of supply chain disruptions in a developing country. The study is valuable because of increasing globalization, outsourcing, and the economic role of developing countries.

This article discusses an integrated research study of Information Technology (IT) Education and Experimental Design and Execution (EDE) courses. Based on analyses of the disjunction between current information technology education and how education is delivered in students’ majors, the authors investigated a revolutionary idea of integrating information technology education into experimental design and execution courses, with the goal of strengthening medical student IT education from the perspectives of IT awareness, IT abilities and IT morality. Through combining experiment content with teaching methods, harmonizing students’ abilities with teachers’ duties and similar measures, the authors explored the best approach and methods to integrate Information Technology (IT) and Education and Experimental Design and Execution (EDE) courses. This research corrects the previous impression of IT education as being theoretical and useless to medical study, makes IT education practical to students and plays a critical role in the major courses of students. This approach thus both facilitates the implementation of IT education and improves teaching quality in students’ major courses.KeywordsInformation technology educationExperimental design and execution (EDE) coursesIntegration