Exploring the Nexus between Environmental Degradation and Human Health in the MENAT Region: The Role of Financial Institutions’ Development

Financial institutions is expected to provide justice for the distribution. Formulation of the problem that researchers ask is how the role of banks financial institutions and non-bank in providing public justice and the factors driving the increased role of banks and financial institutions non-bank in providing the distribution of public justice. The result of the research are 1). The role of financial institutions are: raise public funds; channelling funds society; transfer of assets; liquidity; allocation of income;. transaction. 2). Factors that encourage an increased role of financial institutions in providing the distribution of public justice, among others: increase amount of income of the middle class families and individuals with sufficient incomes, especially among the middle and have a portion of income for savings each year; rapid development of industry and technology.

The target of this study was to research the role of financial institutions on the growth of micro and small enterprises in Dire Dawa Administration. the specific objectives of this study were; to determine the role of financial institutions, MFIs’ saving services on the growth of MSE in Dire Dawa Administration, to determine the role of monetary institutions, MFIs’ loan services on the growth of MSE in Dire Dawa Administration and to research the role of financial institutions, MFIs’ training services on the expansion of MSE in Dire Dawa Administration. These objectives sought to answer the subsequent questions: what is the role of financial institutions, MFIs’ saving services on the growth of MSE in Dire Dawa Administration? What is the role of financial institutions; MFIs’ loan services on the growth of MSE in Dire Dawa Administration? And, what's the role of financial institutions, MFIs’ training services on the growth of MSE in Dire Dawa Administration? The study adopted descriptive research design targeting a sample size of 245 MSE. Primary data was collected using structure questionnaires while secondary data was collected from relevant literature. The study used self-administered questionnaires to gather primary data from the respondents. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies, modes, means and standard deviations. Likert type data was analyzed using mode because the focus of discussion. Correlation and regression was conducted to work out the role of monetary institutions, MFIs’ on the expansion of MSE within the study area. The study findings revealed financial institutions; MFIs’ saving and loan services have positively and significantly influenced the growth of MSE in Dire Dawa Administration but the training services have not contributed positively. The study recommends there is need for MFIs and MSE stakeholders to return up with measures of addressing the poor performing training component of MFIs services in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia. Keywords: Role, Micro Financial Institution, Micro and Small Enterprise, Growth DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-5-05 Publication date: March 31 st 2021

This study examined the role of Financial technology and financial Institution on the economic growth in Sub-Sahara Africa countries, the introduction of financial technology (Fintech) has had a significant impact on the financial landscape in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) in recent times, the role of financial institutions on economic growth in the region cannot be overemphasized. This study assessed the extent to which Fintech has helped financial institution and economic growth in the region by utilizing data from 27 financial institutions across all the four region (East, Central, South and West Africa) of 27 SSA economies between 2012 and 2023. The study used covariance-based structural equation modeling method to analyzed the data collected. Based on the results, it was revealed that Fintech disruptions have led to an increase in equity capital for financial institutions, while having no impact on deposit and long-term debt financing. The study also reveals that Fintech’s limited size within the financial system has ultimately restricted its effects on economic growth in SSA. Furthermore, the study found no evidence that fintech was mediating the effect on economic growth through the bank financing channel, indicating that SSA banking systems are able to withstand disruptions from fintech for financial stability. However, the study recommends that as Fintech continues to evolve and grow, policymakers should remain vigilant and monitor its impact on the financial system and economic growth in the region.

In the context of an increasingly complex modern economy, the role of financial institutions, especially Fiduciary Guarantees, is crucial in providing and protecting funds for people and companies. Fiduciary Guarantees play a crucial role in consumer financing, especially in the purchase of motor vehicles, by providing legal certainty for creditors and increasing trust in transactions. However, the use of Fiduciary Guarantees often faces obstacles related to legal complexity and procedures, as well as consumer protection and dispute resolution. Research on the role and challenges of financial institutions in applying the Fiduciary Guarantee to customers is relevant to improve the effectiveness of the financial system as a whole. A better understanding of Fiduciary Guarantee registration obligations and procedures is needed to ensure financial institutions' compliance with applicable regulations and to enhance customer protection. This research has the potential to provide better insights on how to improve the efficiency and compliance of financial institutions in applying the Fiduciary Guarantee, which in turn will support sustainable economic growth.

This paper explores the role of Chinese financial institutions in the corporate governance of listed companies through interviews with both senior managers of financial institutions and board directors of listed companies. Our results show that, while most securities companies are passive investors, a good proportion of the active mutual funds help their portfolio companies prepare financial forecasts, standardize their operations, raise external funds, strengthen their company image in the capital markets, and sometimes intervene in corporate issues. This limited role can be attributed to a number of factors specific to the Chinese context including highly concentrated state ownership, an immature regulatory environment, inadequate transparency and disclosure of financial information, and weak corporate governance within financial institutions themselves. It could also be affected by several other factors that are considered to cause institutional passivity in developed countries such as conflicts of interest, monitoring costs and lack of expertise.

Role of banks and non-banking financial institutions in alleviating poverty and unemployment

ABSTRACTFinancial institutions have corporate social responsibility to assist customers in enhancing their financial well-being, and to make a positive contribution to society given the considerable role that they play in customers’ everyday lives. Financial institutions are involved in gambling through facilitating gambling transactions, including provision of credit to customers potentially experiencing gambling-related harms. As financial institutions have an overview of customers’ income, spending and debt, this potentially allows for the identification of excessive expenditure on specific activities. This article reviewed the role of financial institutions in gambling with the aim of considering ways in which policies and practices could enhance customer well-being. The Australian-focused review found limited evidence of gambling-specific bank policies despite increasing recognition of the impact of gambling-related harms. Behavioral economics and psychological approaches may be promising frameworks to guide the development of policies to assist customers in limiting their gambling to affordable levels. Financial institutions could implement products and resources for customers to enhance management of gambling expenditure. Government and community scrutiny over the role of financial institutions in gambling will likely increase given growing recognition of harms. A proactive effort to enhance customer well-being could have broad positive outcomes for financial institutions’ social licence to operate.

The role of financial institutions in promoting sustainable energy practices for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) has become increasingly vital as the global transition to sustainable energy intensifies. This paper examines the strategic approach that financial institutions can take to support SMEs in adopting clean energy solutions, such as energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy. It discusses the financial barriers faced by SMEs, including high upfront costs, limited access to capital, and the lack of tailored financial products. Through an analysis of various financial tools—such as green bonds, sustainability-linked loans, venture capital, and blended finance models—this paper highlights how financial institutions can provide the necessary capital to empower SMEs to transition towards sustainable energy practices. Furthermore, the paper explores the role of risk mitigation strategies, capacity-building initiatives, and financial literacy programs as crucial components in overcoming these financial barriers. Finally, the paper emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts between financial institutions, governments, and other stakeholders to create a favorable regulatory environment that incentivizes clean energy investments. By addressing these challenges and offering strategic solutions, financial institutions can significantly contribute to the widespread adoption of sustainable energy practices, thereby improving SMEs' environmental and economic sustainability. The study concludes with actionable insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and SMEs and recommendations for future research into emerging technologies and new financial models.

The aim of this research is to understand the role and efforts of financial institutions in boosting e-banking in Pakistan and customers' perception towards the potential benefits and risks associated with electronic banking in Pakistan. It is constraint to Karachi only and the research is conducted to evaluate the factors that hesitates consumers using E-banking services and what efforts the financial institutions have bed in. Quantitative methods were used as a research methods and hypothesis testing. Finally, a suitable conclusion and recommendations has been given.

The purpose of this article is to reflect upon the importance and the role of financial institutions before, during and after the financial crisis and to outline proposals for alternative approaches to the financial crisis. Without an understanding of the historic development, nature and scope, and important limitations of modern financial institutions, the regulatory reform of modern financial institutions cannot be successful. The success of financial reforms and their restructuring can only be measured when modern financial institutions participate, support and develop the real economy and support a more balanced, inclusive and diverse social development process. This is what the really ‘exciting’ banking and finance organizations should stand for. At the moment, the Western societies are still moving away from the goal of socially useful role of financial institutions. The regulatory reforms, bail-outs and dominant ideas about the European banking union, for example, are impeding, rather than facilitating, hopes for real economic and social recovery on both sides of the Atlantic. Only after an in-depth understanding of the substantive intricacies of modern financial institutions, can we approach a meaningful and thoughtful regulatory reform. Independent minded scholars from all over the world would make a historical mistake if they continue to ignore the wide variety of ways that the financial, economic and social reconstruction of modern societies in different parts of the world can be accomplished.

The objective of the financial inclusion program is to eliminate all forms of barriers to public access to the use of financial services supported by existing infrastructure. Thus the SMEs community will easily overcome the problem of lack of capital by getting easy financing services from banks, in this study conducted on the SMEs community in the Karangmluwo cracker industry. However, can the SMEs community of the Karangmluwo cracker industry as a whole be able to feel the benefits of the financial inclusion program? Until this research formulated the formulation of the problem: What is the role of financial institutions in financial inclusion in the Karangmluwo cracker industry SMEs?, what are the arguments of the Karangmluwo cracker industry community who are reluctant to collaborate with financial institutions? crackers Karangmluwo?. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approachand the results of research on several SMEs in the cracker industry of the Karangmluwo community, Mangli Kaliwates Jember, show that the benefits of the financial inclusion program are still not evenly distributed, it is proven that there are still Karangmluwo cracker industry communities who are reluctant to collaborate with financial institutions because of the complicated requirements and lack of socialization from the financial institutions. However, there are also some industrial communities in Karangmluwo who can benefit from this financial inclusion

Nonperforming loans play a critical role in financial institutions' overall performance and can be controlled by forecasting the probable nonperforming loans. This paper employs a series of machine learning techniques to forecast bank nonperforming loans on emerging countries' financial institutions. Using quarterly cross‐sectional data of 322 banks from 15 emerging countries, this study finds that advanced machine learning‐based models outperform simple linear techniques in forecasting bank nonperforming loans. Among all 14 linear and nonlinear models, the random forest model outperforms other models. It achieves a 76.10% accuracy in forecasting nonperforming loans. The result is robust in different performance metrics. The variable importance analysis reveals that bank diversification is the most critical determinant for future nonperforming loans of a bank. Additionally, this study revealed that macroeconomic factors are less prominent in predicting nonperforming loans compared with bank‐specific factors.

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of financial development on economic growth, with a particular focus on the roles of financial institutions' access, depth, and efficiency. It aims to provide a nuanced analysis of the finance-growth nexus and evaluate whether financial development acts as a catalyst for or a constraint on economic growth within the African context. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs the Panel ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) approach to analyze the short-run and long-run effects of financial development on GDP. The analysis is conducted on a panel of 31 African countries over the period 1990–2021, capturing both cross-country variations and dynamic relationships between financial development indicators and economic growth. Findings: The findings emphasize that financial access and depth are key drivers of long-term economic growth, whereas financial efficiency exerts a negative impact. In the short run, financial access significantly enhances GDP, while financial depth may impede growth due to transitional costs or structural imbalances. Moreover, the heterogeneous short-run effects across countries underscore the pivotal role of institutional and economic factors in shaping the financial development and economic growth nexus. Practical Implications: Policymakers should prioritize financial inclusion and sector depth while addressing inefficiencies that may hinder economic performance. Strengthening regulatory frameworks and improving financial institutions’ operational effectiveness can foster sustainable economic growth. Originality/Value: This study provides new empirical evidence on the finance-growth nexus in African economies, considering multiple dimensions of financial development and utilizing a robust econometric approach (Panel ARDL). It contributes to the debate on financial development by distinguishing between access, depth, and efficiency. Paper Type: Research Paper.

Purpose This paper aims to explore Switzerland’s export restriction laws, focusing on export controls and sanctions, with particular attention to the reporting obligations placed on financial institutions. It aims to assess how Switzerland’s anti-money laundering (AML) and countering the financing of terrorism (CFT) legal framework supports the enforcement of export restrictions. Furthermore, the article examines the legal uncertainties surrounding financial institutions’ AML/CFT reporting in relation to export-restriction cases and evaluates the overall effectiveness of the system in ensuring the enforcement of export restrictions. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts reviews of primary and secondary sources and current developments. Findings The article finds that Swiss financial institutions, with one minor exception, do not have direct reporting obligations under export restriction legislation, unlike the European Union’s broader sanctions regime against Russia. Instead, enforcement relies on AML/CFT reporting obligations, which obligate financial institutions to identify potential violations of export restrictions. However, legal uncertainty and a lack of jurisprudence create challenges in defining what constitutes a “serious case” under the Swiss export restriction legislation, complicating compliance efforts. The complexity of export restrictions adds further burdens on financial institutions’ compliance officers, who must navigate intricate legal frameworks and technical details. Despite these challenges, Swiss AML/CFT legislation provides legal protections for reporting institutions and facilitates cooperation between MROS, the Swiss financial intelligence unit, and SECO, the Swiss export restriction enforcement authority. However, operational inefficiencies within MROS hinder the effectiveness of this reporting mechanism, which ultimately renders the AML/CFT reporting obligation for financial institutions ineffective in the enforcement of export restrictions. Originality/value In the absence of scholarly articles on the topic, this article addresses a gap in academic research.

Objective: The aim of the article is to present the most important legal regulations in the field of ESG and their impact on the conditions of financial stability and the implementation processes of sustainable development in financial institutions. Research Design & Methods: The research methods focus on presenting and assessing changes in ESG and climate disclosure scores for institutions in the global economy and green asset ratio (GAR) indicators for EU/eurozone countries. Empirical data come from online reports and databases from the Working Group on Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD), Financial Stability Board (FSB), European Board Authority (EBA) and European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), and Sustainalytics. The main period of analysis covers the years 2022–2024. Findings: Data from the TCFD and FSB show that banks and insurance companies demonstrate the highest level of ESG disclosure, including in the area of strategy. Institutions from Europe, Asia-Pacific, and North America are leading the disclosure curve. Among EU/EEA countries, Slovakia, Iceland, and Luxembourg demonstrated the highest level of transformation activity in terms of the share of GAR in assets in 2023–2024. Implications / Recommendations: Financial institutions actively shape the conditions for financial stability and sustainable development because they are subject to legal regulations in these areas. Financial and economic outcomes depend on the efficiency of financial institutions’ management boards and the effectiveness of mitigating systemic risks (ESG, climate) in these areas. According to the Fit-for-55 report, financial institutions would incur the lowest costs under the baseline scenario. Contribution: The analysis fills a gap in the research on the role of financial institutions in the global economy, including in the EU/EEA, in shaping the conditions for financial stability when implementing ESG transformation processes revealed, among others, in reporting and changes to GAR indicators.