Exploring the Impact of Discovery Learning and Self-Efficacy on Students' Critical Thinking Skills

This research aims to: (1) determine the differences in student learning outcomes taught using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Discovery Learning (DL) models on chemical bonding material. (2) determine the differences in students' learning motivation who are taught using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Discovery Learning (DL) models on chemical bond material. (3) there is a correlation between motivation and learning outcomes of students who are taught using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Discovery Learning (DL) models on chemical bond material. This research was conducted at SMAN 11 Medan with the samples studied were X-3 and X-7. The instrument used is a test instrument in the form of multiple choice questions with 20 validated questions and a non-test in the form of a learning motivation questionnaire. Data analysis techniques are carried out by: Data normality test, data homogeneity test, hypothesis test, and correlation test. The results obtained: (1) There are differences in student learning outcomes taught using the Problem Based Learning and Discovery Learning models on chemical bonding material. The average student learning outcomes in experimental class I using Problem Based Learning was 74.8. Meanwhile, the average learning outcome for experimental class II using the Discovery Learning model was 79.6. (2) There were differences in the learning motivation of students who were taught using the Problem Based Learning and Discovery Learning models on chemical bond material. Meanwhile, the average learning motivation of students in experimental class I using Problem Based Learning is 67.6. Meanwhile, the average learning motivation in experimental class II which was taught using the Discovery learning model was 72.5. (3) There is a correlation between students and learning outcomes taught using the Problem Based Learning and Discovery Learning models on chemical bond material with a positive correlation value. In experimental class I obtained Sig. = 0.00 with Pearson Correlation = 0.795 and experimental class II Sig. = 0.000 with Pearson Correlation = 0.879.

The learning model applied in mathematics learning is expected to shape, develop and even improve students' critical thinking skills. This study aimed to: (1) analyze the differences in the improvement of students' mathematical critical thinking skills between students who learn to use the Problem Based Learning model and students who use the Discovery Learning model, and (2) to find out the interaction between the learning model and students' initial mathematical abilities towards improving their students' mathematical critical thinking ability. The research used a quasi-experimental type with a 2 x 3 factorial design that uses a two-way analysis of variance technique. This research took place at Public Senior High School 6 Ambon. The test instrument used was in the form of descriptive questions, which are based on indicators of mathematical critical thinking skills, according to Facione. Data analysis carried out in this research was in the form of normality test, homogeneity test, gain index analysis, and hypothesis testing. The research hypotheses were tested using Two-Way ANOVA. The results obtained indicate that: (1) there is no difference in increasing mathematical critical thinking skills between students who learn by using the Problem Based Learning learning model and students who learn by using the Discovery Learning learning model, and (2) there is a difference in the improvement of students' mathematical critical thinking skills based on their students' initial mathematical abilities, (3) learning models and students' initial mathematical abilities are believed to be 95 percent able to influence the improvement of students' mathematical critical thinking skills.

Critical thinking skills play an important role in preparing students to become problem solvers. Improving critical thinking skills requires learning models and media, namely discovery learning and realia media. Because in discovery learning students are encouraged to learn independently and are actively involved in finding concepts and principles through problem solving. In addition, the combination of realia media allows students to gain direct and real experience in understanding the material. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of using the discovery learning model and realia media together on the critical thinking skills of fifth grade students of SD Negeri Gugus 1, Slahung District, Ponorogo. This study used a quantitative method with an ex-post facto research design. The sample in this study was fifth grade students of SD Negeri 1 Senepo and SD Negeri 2 Senepo Ponorogo totaling 33 students. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire and test. The data analysis technique was through the data analysis prerequisite test with the normality test and homogeneity test, and the influence test with the hypothesis test. The results show that the discovery learning model significantly influences students' critical thinking skills, realia media significantly influences students' critical thinking skills, and the discovery learning model and realia media simultaneously significantly influence students' critical thinking skills. If the discovery learning model and realia media increase, then critical thinking skills increase, and vice versa.

This study is a true experiment which employs 2x2 factorial design. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in critical thinking skills of students who are taught using the Project Based Learning model and those taught with the Discovery Learning model are reviewed as a whole and reviewed from those who have high and low interest in learning. The sample in this study is 61 students from classes taught using Project Based Learning, and 61 students taught using Discovery Learning. The hypothesis test was carried out with a two-track anava, showing the average score of critical thinking skills of students who were taught using the Project Based Learning model of 21.64 and those who were taught using the Discovery Learning model of 19.13. The difference in the average score of critical thinking skills of students who were taught using the Project Based Learning model and the Discovery Learning model for students who had high interest in learning was 24.82 and 21.35. Meanwhile, the average scores of critical thinking skills of students who were taught using the Project Based Learning model and those taught using the Discovery Learning model for students who had low interest in learning physics were 19.12 and 17.35. Based on the description of the hypothesis test, it can be concluded that there is a difference between the Project Based Learning model and the Discovery Learning model on students' critical thinking skills, there is a difference between the Project Based Learning model and the Discovery Learning model on the critical thinking skills of students with high interest in learning, there was a difference between the Project Based Learning model and the Discovery Learning model on the critical thinking skills of students with low learning interest, and there was no interaction between the learning model and learning interest on the critical thinking skills of students.

Critical thinking is needed as a guarantee of student success in solving a problem, and critical thinking training starts from students' learning experiences when they are in school. It is believed that one's skills in critical thinking influence student success in a broader spectrum of learning outcomes. It's just that the facts on the ground show that students are less well-established in critical thinking in science learning, this is based on the results of observations on teaching relating to the phenomenon of momentum and impulse. Overcoming this, it is important to provide learning experiences for students to train their critical thinking skills. The current study aims to implement the discovery learning model on materials related to momentum and impulse phenomena, and evaluate its impact on students' critical thinking skills. Through experimentation (nonequivalent control group design) studies have been carried out by including a control group (traditional teaching) as a comparison. Students' critical thinking skills are measured using adequate instruments and have met the elements of validity. Study data were analyzed descriptively and statistically. The results of the study show that students' critical thinking skills have increased after learning using the discovery learning model. Based on the size of the pre-post test, students' critical thinking skills increased from quite critical to critical, the increase (gain) was in the moderate category. Unlike the case with traditional teaching, students' critical thinking skills remain with less critical criteria. The difference in the improvement of critical thinking between the two groups (discovery learning vs. traditional teaching) was statistically analyzed. The results of the analysis confirm the research hypothesis tested that there are significant differences in critical thinking skills between groups (discovery learning model vs. traditional teaching) in the material of momentum and impulse.

This research addresses the low critical mathematical thinking abilities of students when facing mathematical problem-solving challenges. The study aims to evaluate the impact of implementing various teaching approaches, including Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and Direct Instruction (DI) models, on students' critical mathematical thinking abilities. Participants included 276 eighth-grade students from SMP La Tansa Mashiro 1, 2, and 3 in Lebak Banten during the academic year 2022/2023, divided into three classes. Samples were selected using simple random sampling, resulting in 94 students for CTL, 92 students for PBL, and 90 students for DI instructional models. Data collection involved self-efficacy questionnaires and critical mathematical thinking ability tests, analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. The findings suggest that implementing CTL and PBL models positively influences students' critical mathematical thinking abilities. Additionally, students' self-efficacy levels contribute significantly to their critical mathematical thinking abilities. Furthermore, a significant interaction was observed between the implementation of CTL, PBL, and DI models and students' efficacy levels, collectively influencing students' critical mathematical thinking abilities. These results emphasize the importance of employing active approaches, such as contextual, problem-based, and direct instructional methods, while also enhancing students' self-confidence to improve their critical mathematical thinking abilities. It is hoped that implementing these recommendations will enhance the effectiveness of mathematics learning and foster the development of students' critical thinking skills.

Mathematics is an area of knowledge that encourages critical, imaginative, and methodical thinking so that it becomes an integral part of education at all levels, from elementary school to university. Critical thinking and self-confidence are important things that must be mastered by students in learning mathematics. With the discovery learning model using the educandy web it makes learning sweeter. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the web-assisted discovery learning model of educandy on critical thinking skills and self-confidence in mathematics in grade IV elementary schools. This type of research uses quantitative research. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental method with Posttest Only Control Group Design. The population of this study consisted of 40 students with a sample of class IVA consisting of 20 students as the experimental class and class IVB consisting of 20 students as the control class. Data on learning motivation was obtained from questionnaire results, while data on learning outcomes was obtained from multiple choice test results. The analysis technique uses descriptive statistics and inferential statistics or t-test. The results of this study indicate that the educandy-assisted discovery learning model influences students' critical thinking skills and self-confidence.

<p>EN</p><p>This research was a quasi-experimental experiment. This study aimed to determine the differences in Problem-Solving Abilities (KPM) using Discovery and Conventional learning models. The study was conducted in March-October 2018. The population in this study was class X in one of the private high schools in Bogor Regency for the 2017/2018 academic year. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling techniques. The sample for the experimental class was class X MIPA B, treated using the Discovery Learning learning model with 40 students. Class X MIPA A was treated using a conventional learning model with 40 students with instruments to solve problems (KPM). The results of the t-test show differences in problem-solving abilities between students who learn to use the Discovery Learning model and Conventional learning models. Discovery Learning class groups are higher than Conventional class groups; this can be seen from the average N-Gain score of problem-solving abilities in the Discovery Learning class of 50 and Conventional class groups of 42. Therefore, the Discovery Learning learning model is used in biodiversity material to improve students' biological problem-solving abilities.</p><p> </p><p>ID</p><p>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kuasi eksperimen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah (KPM) menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret- Oktober 2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas X di salah satu SMA Swasta di Kabupaten Bogor tahun akademik 2017/2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling. Sampel untuk kelas eksperimen adalah kelas X MIPA B diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan jumlah 40 siswa dan kelas X MIPA A diberi perlakuan menggunakan model pembelajaran Konvensional dengan jumlah 40 siswa dengan instrumen kemampuan memecahkan masalah(KPM). Berdasarkan hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dan pembelajaran Konvensional. kelompok kelas Discovery Learning lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kelas Konvensional, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari skor rata-rata N-Gain kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada kelompok kelas Discovery Learning sebesar 48,40 dan kelompok kelas Konvensional sebesar 41.95. Oleh karena itu, model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dapat digunakan pada materi keanekaragaman hayati dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah biologi siswa.</p>

Mathematical critical thinking ability is a very important ability and must be possessed by students. This study aims to compare discovery learning and reciprocal teaching models on students' mathematical critical thinking skills. This research was conducted on VIII grade students of MTs Ma'arif NU 1 Wangon with a sample of VIII A and VIII D classes totaling 68 students. The sampling technique used simple random sampling where the sampling process was taken in a simple event with a lottery. The research was conducted by giving two different treatments to two classes, experimental class I with discovery learning model and experiment II with reciprocal teaching model. The research method used is quasi experimental design. While the data collection method uses tests in the form of pretest and posttest description questions. Data analysis techniques are using normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis testing. The average posttest result in experimental class I is 81.3 which is in the very high category and the average posttest result in experimental class II is 73.4 which is in the medium category. Based on the analysis of the t test of two independent samples, the significance value is 0.000 which is smaller than the level limit of 0.05. So it can be concluded that the results of this study show that there is a significant difference in the ability to think critically mate. Keywords: Comparison, Discovery learning, Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills, Reciprocal Teaching.

Critical thinking as one of the competencies in education in the 21st century requires students to be curious about information to gain a deep understanding. Problem-solving in addition to training critical thinking also trains science process skills. This study aims to analyze whether or not there are differences in students' critical thinking using discovery learning models combined with animated videos and analyze whether or not there are differences in students' science process skills using discovery learning models combined with animated videos. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent post-test control group design. The population of this study is students of class XI MIPA SMA N 1 Surakarta. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, with XI MIPA 5 as the experimental class and XI MIPA 3 as the control class. Data were collected through documentation, observation, and written tests on critical thinking and science process skills. Hypothesis testing using a T-test to investigate the difference between critical thinking and science process skills of students who are taught using the discovery learning model combined with animated video media and classes that only use the discovery learning model. The results showed differences in students' critical thinking using the discovery learning combined with animated video, and there were differences in students' science process skills using the discovery learning combined with animated video.

The project-based learning (PBL) model is a learning approach that emphasizes working on certain projects or tasks as a way to understand and apply knowledge. Discovery Learning is a learning approach that emphasizes student exploration and experimentation to build their own understanding. Sports in children aged 5-6 years not only provide physical benefits, but also contribute to the development of various cognitive skills, including critical thinking abilities. This type of research uses literature study. The database in this study with article criteria comes from Sinta. In this study, 3 articles were used as references for researchers to carry out reviews. Characteristics of the 3 articles, 1). Publications from the last 9 years, 2). The articles reviewed are related to the focus of this research. Then the procedure for searching for articles needed in this research is based on Google web: 1). Google scholar and 2). Google Chrome. The analysis of this research focuses on project based learning, discovery learning and sports models on the critical thinking abilities of children aged 5-6 years, project based learning, discovery learning. It was concluded that the project based learning, discovery learning and sports models affected the critical thinking abilities of children aged 5-6 years.

The condition of Indonesian students' critical thinking skills is ranked 6th lowest with an average score of 379 on PISA 2018. The lack of students' critical thinking skills is found in learning that is still one-way using conventional models. This makes students less enthusiastic about listening and understanding the material presented. These conditions can be trained by applying exploratory learning so that students can find and understand, and solve problems. One learning model that can foster critical thinking skills in students is the discovery learning model which can support students to be maximally involved in identifying and organizing the way students learn to discover knowledge concepts. This study aimed to determine the effect of the discovery learning model on students' critical thinking skills using the Systematic Literature Review method according to the exclusion criteria and found 12 articles obtained through Google Scholar. The results of the meta-analysis show that the discovery learning model influences students' critical thinking skills at every level of education. The discovery learning model has the highest effect on elementary education level flat material with an effect size of 1.9. The junior high school level shows the highest effect size of 2.1 with social arithmetic material. The SMA/SMK level gives the highest effect of 1.18 in statistics. It can be concluded that the discovery learning model influences critical thinking skills in mathematics. Keywords: Critical Thinking, Discovery Learning, Mathematics

This study aims to describe the differences in students’ critical thinking skill between class which use discovery learning and conventional learning in electromagnetic wave material. The research method used was a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design which was conducted in MAS 01 Darussalam Kepahiang. In non-equivalent control group design, the sample (was) not taken randomly but by purposive sampling technique. The research sample taken by the researcher consists of two classes, (i.e.) the class XII A2 as an experimental class and the class XII A3 as a control class. Both classes were given a pretest to find out the students’ fundamental critical thinking skills and a posttest to find out the students' final critical thinking skills. This research was conducted in two meetings according to subchapters on electromagnetic wave material. Discovery learning model was applied in the experimental class with the steps of learning are stimulation, problem statement, data collection, data processing, verification, and generalization. The average value of critical thinking of the experimental class student was 65.7 and (the) control class was 48.12 with a value of sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 sig. α = 0.05. Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in students’ ' critical thinking skills using the discovery learning model with the critical thinking skills of students using conventional learning.

Objectives: To implement and design learning models that incorporate appropriate instructional media, fostering critical thinking. Such an approach will facilitate the integration of three cognitive domains: knowing, applying, and reasoning. Methods: This study adopts a quasi-experimental design using a "true experimental design" with a post-test-only control group. The objective is to implement the Discovery Learning model and develop a Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) booklet to enhance students' critical thinking abilities. Results: The research findings indicate that the Discovery Learning model with HOTs booklet media significantly influences students' critical thinking skills in biology learning. The critical thinking aspect with the highest score is essential clarification, effectively fostered during the problem-orientation phase. This stage involves students formulating questions based on scenarios in their worksheets. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its integration of Discovery Learning with a hots booklet explicitly tailored to the Indonesian secondary school context. While previous studies have emphasized the individual impact of Discovery Learning or HOTs-based instructional tools, this research uniquely combines the two to create a synergistic approach that addresses the critical thinking gaps identified in Indonesian students.

The issue underlying this research is the low critical thinking skills of students in SMAN 3 Ciamis which is caused by the learning process which still uses traditional, one-way methods and does not develop students' thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to determine students' critical thinking skills after applying Inquiry Leaning, Discovery Learning and Conventional methods. The method used is quasi-experimental with a Counterbalance research design. The instrument in the research was multiple choice complex questions that measured students' critical thinking skills. The results of analysis and testing using One Way Anova show that there are differences in students' critical thinking abilities from each treatment carried out in each class with different methods so that the hypothesis proposed can be accepted. Judging from the results of the acquisition of the average value (mean) of students' critical thinking skills in each study, it shows that classes using the Inquiry Leaning model are always higher than the Discovery Learning and conventional models. The conclusion of this study is that the Inquiry Learning model is more effective in improving critical thinking skills compared to Discovery Learning and conventional learning models.