Exploring the factors and challenges of involuntary singlehood and its impact on psychological well-being among women in Malaysia

Updating cross-cultural research of the past decade on the relationship between life aspirations and wellbeing, we compared Romanian (N=69) and US (N=64) undergraduates on the contribution of the importance and likelihood of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations to psychological maladjustment and life satisfaction, and on the qualitative meaning they assign to financial success. Similarly to prior studies, we found that extrinsic and intrinsic aspirations tended to be either negatively or positively correlated with life satisfaction, respectively; however, wealth predicted life satisfaction for Romanian students. Unlike previous research, we found generally negative relationships between intrinsic aspirations and psychological maladjustment. Although there were no differences between Romanian and US undergraduates on extrinsic and intrinsic orientation, on the overall importance of attaining aspirations, or on specific extrinsic and intrinsic aspirations, Romanian students expressed weaker expectations of fulfilling intrinsic aspirations than did US students. Finally, the groups produced similar rankings of aspirations and assigned similar meaning to financial success. The results favored a social cognitive rather than a self-determination model of psychological wellbeing in that expectations for attaining aspirations were more often predictive of life satisfaction than were their content. We interpret these findings and their convergence and departure from earlier research in terms of political economic, demographic, and cultural factors. We encourage future cross-cultural investigations of the social construction of aspirations, subsidiation of seemingly contradictory aspirations to each other, and cognitive and ecological mediation of the complex relationship of aspirations to psychological functioning.

The article is devoted to the study of well-being, which is considered as a multi-factorial construct and is described by most scientists in three terms: «subjective well-being», «life satisfaction» and «psychological well-being». The article covers the theoretical analysis of the concepts of «psychological well-being» and «subjective well-being», and also the concept of «coherence». Psychological well-being is considered as a basic dynamic characteristic of a personality, which reflects a subjective assessment by a person of his functioning and potential capabilities. Subjective well-being is considered as an integral system, which consists of the personality's ideas about himself, his life, his relations, capabilities. The concept of «sense of coherence» is considered as an orientation of a person to what extent a person perceives life as conscious and amenable to control. The empirical study involved 251 people, of whom 197 were women and 54 men, the average age was 27-41. Four test methods and two statistical-mathematical methods were used. The results of the study of the correlation between the sense of coherence and the level of psychological and subjective well-being among students are presented. The specificity of correlation between the components of coherence (comprehensibility, manageability, meaningfulness) and indicators of well-being is considered. A correlation analysis was performed to detect the relationships between the components of a sense of coherence and psychological well-being. For a visual representation, the results obtained are presented in the form of diagrams. Regression analysis was used to study the effect of sense of coherence on psychological well-being. It was revealed that sense of coherence is a factor of ensuring the psychological well-being. Further perspectives for psychological well-being research have been identified. Further perspectives are in clarification of the concept of psychological well-being and the study of the characteristics of the relationship of psychological and subjective well-being with various dispositions of an individual.

Psychological well-being indicates individuals’ positive psychological functioning and well-being. A growing body of literature, largely based on adults and old people, suggests that volunteering and charitable donations are related to individuals’ psychological well-being. As emerging adulthood is a vital time for lifespan development, the aim of this study is to examine the effects of volunteering and charitable donation on individuals’ psychological well-being on college students. Relying on theories of altruism and the warm-glow theory, this study estimates the relationships among hours of volunteering, amount of charitable donations, and psychological well-being from 1,871 Chinese college students. The linear regression results indicate that students’ hours of volunteering and the amount of charitable donations in the past year were positively associated with their psychological well-being. Volunteering, compared to charitable donations, had a slightly stronger association with psychological well-being. This study provides a rationale for academic institutions to integrate social service activities into the curriculum as a potential tool to promote students’ psychological well-being.

To investigate whether spouses' psychological well-being changed between the first weeks after their partner's stroke and four months and one year later, and to study the relationship between spouses' psychological well-being and objective characteristics of the stroke patients. Prospective, longitudinal study. Hospital care and follow-ups. Sixty-seven consecutively enrolled spouses to first-ever stroke patients < 75 years. The Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) Index. Clinical examination of the stroke patients. The Barthel Index. The spouses' psychological well-being was significantly lower in the first weeks after their partner's stroke as compared with norms. At four months, it had increased significantly. Between four months and one year, individual changes were observed in both positive and negative directions; thus, the mean level of the group remained constant. The spouses' psychological well-being in the first weeks was significantly related to the patients' sensorimotor impairments, while it was related at four months to cognitive impairment and the patients' abilities in self-care. At one year, psychological well-being was related to remaining sensorimotor and cognitive impairments. A significant relationship was also seen between the spouses' and the stroke patients' emotional health. The spouses' psychological well-being increased after the first chaotic weeks. The presence of visible impairments initially seemed to affect spouses' emotional health, while cognitive and emotional impairments became more evident in everyday life. In the long term, however, the spouses' individual life situations and coping abilities seem to be of relatively increasing importance for their continued well-being.

Caring for individuals living with cannabis-induced psychotic disorder poses unique challenges that significantly impact caregivers’ psychological well-being. This study delved into this complex caregiving landscape, exploring how psychological distress, the burden of care, and emotional intelligence collectively influence caregivers’ psychological well-being. The study was conducted at the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos Nigeria. The research adopted purposive sampling, involving one hundred (100) participants encompassing both family and non-family caregivers. Participants completed four key instruments: The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) – 12, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue), and Psychological Well-being Scale (PWB). Descriptive statistics provided mean and standard deviation values for psychological distress, burden of care, emotional intelligence, and psychological well-being, with the reliability of each scale assessed. Hypothesis testing included t-tests, simple linear regression, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression, yielding significant findings. Notably, family caregivers did not bear a significantly higher burden of care compared to their non-family counterparts (t = -.108, p&lt;.05). Furthermore, female caregivers exhibited superior psychological well-being in contrast to male caregivers (t = -4.594, p&lt;.05). Emotional intelligence significantly impacted psychological well-being (R square =.262), and a positive relationship existed between psychological distress and well-being (r = .596, p&lt;.05). Lastly, psychological distress, emotional intelligence, and the burden of care collectively shaped psychological well-being (R square =.526). This research unravels the intricate dynamics faced by caregivers of individuals with cannabis-induced psychotic disorder, highlighting the pivotal roles of emotional intelligence and psychological distress. These insights deepen understanding of caregivers’ experiences and provide a foundation for tailored interventions to bolster their overall well-being. Keywords: Caregivers, Psychological Distress, Burden of Care, Emotional Intelligence, Psychological Well-being, Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychological Well-Being of Firefighters

Background/Objectives: Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare, genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorder. Individuals with PWS face numerous challenges that significantly impact their psychological well-being and quality of life, ultimately limiting their personal and social functioning. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life and psychological well-being in a sample of Italian adult patients with PWS compared to an age-matched control group of normal-weight Italian individuals. Methods: Thirty patients with PWS (11 men and 19 women; mean age ± SD: 36.4 ± 10.31 years; mean Body Mass Index (BMI: 35.7 ± 8.92 kg/m2) and thirty Italian adult individuals from the general population (5 men and 25 women; mean age ± SD: 32.1 ± 6.86 years; mean Body Mass Index (BMI: 21.8 ± 2.90 kg/m2) were studied. Quality of life and well-being were assessed using the Italian versions of the 36-item Health Survey Short Form and the Psychological General Well-Being Index. Results: Normal-weight subjects scored significantly higher than PWS patients on the physical health (p < 0.001) and social functioning (p = 0.047) subscales of the SF-36. Conversely, PWS patients scored higher on the vitality subscale (p < 0.001). Similarly, the vitality subscale of the PGWBI was significantly higher in PWS patients than in controls (p = 0.010), whereas the Self-Control subscale of the PGWBI was higher in controls compared to PWS patients, albeit not statistically significant (p = 0.057). Discussion: Patients with PWS exhibited impairments in various aspects of quality of life and psychological well-being, including physical, behavioral, and social domains. However, the higher vitality scores observed in PWS patients suggest a preserved dimension of their psychological well-being. Conclusions: These findings enhance the understanding of the psychological condition of patients with PWS and provide valuable insights for improving multidisciplinary psychological treatment approaches for these individuals.

Forgiveness is the framing of a perceived transgression such that one's responses to the transgressor, transgression, and sequelae of the transgression are transformed from negative to neutral or positive. The source of a transgression, and therefore the object of forgiveness, may be oneself, another person or persons, or a situation that one views as being beyond anyone's control (Thompson et al., 2005) Currently, there is great theoretical interest in the possibility that forgiveness is involved in promoting well-being. Various models suggest that forgiveness can offer opportunities for recognizing a deeper meaning in the transgression, developing compassion for others, appreciating social support systems, and discovering a renewed sense of life purpose (Enright, Freedman, & Rique, 1998). Empirical studies suggest that forgiveness have potential benefits for mental health (Toussaint & Webb, 2005), and well-being (Brown, 2003 ; Karremans, Van Lange, Ouwerkerk, & Kluwer, 2003; Karuse & Ellison, 2003).Psychological well-beingPsychological well-being is usually conceptualized as some combination of positive affective states such as happiness (the hedonic perspective) and functioning with optimal effectiveness in individual and social life (the eudaimonic perspective) (Deci & Ryan, 2008). Psychological well-being is about lives going well. It is the combination of feeling good and functioning effectively (Huppert, 2009). Psychological well-being refers to one's positive intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social functioning that is influenced by his or her perception and meaning given to his or her life situations (Ryff & Singer, 1996). Psychological well-being can be measured as emotional well-being in a hedonistic sense (i.e., experiencing more positive affect than negative affect) and positive psychological functioning in a eudaimonic sense (i.e., living a meaningful life and fulfilling one's potentials).Psychological distressPsychological distress is viewed as an emotional condition that involves negative views of the self, others and the environment and is characterized by unpleasant subjective states such as feeling tense, worried, worthless and irritable (Barlow and Durand, 2005). These subjective states can reduce the emotional resilience of individuals and impact on their ability to enjoy life and to cope with pain, disappointment and sadness. Psychological distress can be viewed as a continuum in which people can move from experiencing wellbeing to distress andback at various times throughout their lives (Horwitz and Scheid, 1999; Mechanic, 1999).A link between forgiveness and mental and physical health has attracted much attention in psychological research (McCullough, 2000; Thoresen, Harris, & Luskin, 2000). In forgiveness research, psychological well-being has often been considered equivalent to global satisfaction of life, minimal psychological distress or absence of psychopathology, or a combination of certain positive cognition and affect. Thus, a possible relationship between forgiveness and psychological well-being in the eudaimonic sense has been overlookedPrior research suggested that trait forgiveness is generally more strongly correlated with some aspects or components of psychological well-being and other mental health variables than state forgiveness (McCullough & Witvliet, 2002).HFS was also foundto positively predict satisfaction with life and negatively predict trait anger, state anxiety, and depression among college students (Thompson et al., 2005).Among the wide variety' of protective factors that have been recognized, acceptance, forgiveness, and gratitude appear to be three personal characteristics that have been found to be closely related to psychological well-being (McCullough, Emmons, & Tsang, 2002; Nakamura & Orth, 2005).The Human Development Study Group (1991) revealed positive results, indicating that the promotion of forgiveness enhances psychological well-being among individuals coping with a variety of serious offenses. …

Pakistan is encountering a massive adult migration that is affecting its social fabric in various aspects. The present study has been carved out in context of the adult migration impacts on the elderly left behind in Pakistan. Particularly, the study examines the social, psychological, and economic reciprocity of the elderly left behind owing to their adult (children) outmigration. It has focused to explore the prevalence of social, psychological, and economic well-being of the elderly left behind, to find out the dynamics of the social, psychological, and economic well-being of elderly left behind by demographic variables e.g., gender, residence, etc. To identify the interrelation of the social, economic, and psychological well-being of the elderly left behind in District Rawalpindi, and considering this, to propose a Tridimensional Model of the well-being of elderly left behind and to suggest some measures to improve the social, psychological and economic wellbeing of elderly left behind. The tri-dimensional model of well-being employed the quantitative research design in order to map out the adult migration impact on parents. The study has been conducted in the Rawalpindi district of Punjab Pakistan. The researcher used the self-administered questionnaire and collected the data from the targeted elderly left behind through the multistage sampling technique. The sample size of the study was 400 elderly left behind from the different areas of Rawalpindi. The study concludes through its findings that its findings there is higher reciprocity between social well-being and psychological well-being, economic and social well-being has a strong association, but economic and psychological well-being has not been found significant. The study suggests there is a dire need to devise policies for the well-being of the increasing elderly population. Keywords: Social well-being, psychological well-being, Economic Well Being. Migration.

Psychological Well-being is an important concept used in behaviour sciences to evaluate the state of an individual in terms of perception, feelings, cognition and internal experience. This study investigated Operational Stress and Psychological Well-being among Police Officers in Benue State Police Command: The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies. The study employed a Cross-Sectional Survey Design, where three hundred and fifty seven (357) Police Officers consisting of 219 (61.3%) Males and 134 (37.5%) Females were used for the study. Their ages ranged from 19 to 59 years with the Mean of 38.13 (SD=9.54128). The Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Op), Brief-COPE Inventory and Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB) were used for data collection. Statistical analysis involved the use of Multiple Regression and PROCESS Mediation Analyses. Findings from the hypotheses indicated that, Operational Stress has made an independent significant contribution to Psychological Wellbeing of Police Officers in Benue State Police Command. Coping Strategies significantly influenced Psychological Well-being among Police Officers in Benue State Police Command. The result further showed that, Operational Stress and Coping Strategies jointly influenced Psychological Well-being of Police Officers in Benue State Police Command. Finally, Selfdistraction, Denial, Active Coping, Substance Use, Instrumental Support, Venting, Planning, Acceptance and Religion did not significantly mediate the relationship between Operational Stress and Psychological Well-being among Police Officers; while Emotional Support, Behavioral Disengagement, Positive Reframing, Humor, and Self-blame significantly mediated the relationship between Operational Stress and Psychological Well-being among Police Officers in Benue State Police Command. Based on the findings, it was recommended that, Police Officers should be enlightened on how to manage Operational Stress and develop good coping strategies. On policy basis, it was recommended that, Government should evolve policies that are aimed at training and retraining Police Officers on appropriate Coping Strategies; which will help in reducing Operational Stress and on the other hand increase high level of Psychological Well-being among Police Officers. Also, Non-governmental organizations with caring mind should support Police with logistics that will help reduce Operational Stress. This will help to achieve high state of Psychological Well-being and enhance better policing among Police Officers. Finally, more researches should be encouraged on the subject matter for further identification of long term solutions to problems affecting Psychological Well-being of Police Officers in Benue State Police Command in particular, and Nigeria at large.

Introduction: Young adulthood is a period of development and healthy women are the cornerstone of a healthy society. Technology fulfils many human needs, but its overuse is a risk. Being addicted to technology has its effects on the psychological and physical well-being of an individual. For a brighter and healthier future, it is essential to ensure the well-being of young adult women. The study was conducted to find out the relationship between internet addiction and psychological well-being among young adult women between the ages of 20 and 24 years.Method: The research design used was an ex post facto design. The study was conducted in an engineering college and an arts and science college in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Sixty postgraduate female students from professional and non-professional disciplines (30 in each group), using the internet (at least for the past six months) were included in the study. Young’s internet addiction scale and Riff’s psychological well-being scale were used to measure internet addiction and psychological well-being respectively. Statistical analysis was done using independent t test, correlation coefficient and regression analysis.Results: In this study, it was found that professional young adult women significantly differed in psychological well-being as compared to non-professional young adult women with a p value of 0.001. A negative correlation was found between internet addiction and psychological well-being. It was observed that demographic variables such as birth status, family type, working status of the mother and purpose of internet usage did not significantly predict internet addiction.Conclusion: Psychological well-being is significantly higher in non-professional students than professional in the young adult women population. Internet usage does not affect the psychological well-being of this age group. How to cite this article:Parvathi S, Mythili T. Internet Overuse and Psychological Well-Being Among Young Adult Women. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(2):35-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202426

Past research reveals that basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) in relationship is an important contributor to relationship intimacy and individuals’ psychological well-being, but few studies explored the effects in grandparent-adult grandchildren relationship. The current study recruited 294 adult grandchild-closest grandparent dyads from mainland China. The grandchild and the grandparent completed a survey, respectively. We adopted Actor-Partner Interdependence Model to estimate both the actor and partner effects of BPNS on each partner’s relationship intimacy and psychological well-being while controlling relevant demographic variables. Results indicated that both grandparents’ and grandchildren’s BPNS in the relationship was related to their own higher relationship intimacy, bs =.20 and.27, ps &amp;lt;.001, higher life satisfaction, bs =.32 and.17, ps &amp;lt;.03, and fewer depressive symptoms, bs = -.17 and -.12, ps &amp;lt;.001. Further, grandparents’ BPNS was also related to their grandchildren’s higher life satisfaction, b =.21, p =.01, and less depressive symptoms, b = -.07, p =.04, but adult grandchildren’s BPNS was not related to grandparents’ psychological well-being, ps &amp;gt;.13. The findings indicate the significant role that BPNS plays in promoting relationship intimacy in the grandparent-adult grandchild relationship as well as in contributing to both partners’ psychological well-being. More importantly, the support from adult grandchildren to grandparents not only benefits the grandparent’s psychological well-being, but also the grandchild’s. The asymmetric effects suggest that the grandchildren may become the more influential support provider in their relationship with the grandparent when they have grown up.

BackgroundPublished research on senior care facilities in Pakistan is scarce and no large-scale study has been conducted to assess factors affecting well-being of older adults in these facilities. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with services along with socio-demographic characteristics on physical, psychological, and social well-being of older residents living in senior care facilities of Punjab, Pakistan.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from 270 older residents living in 18 senior care facilities across 11 districts of Punjab, Pakistan from November 2019 to February 2020 using multistage random sampling. Existing reliable and valid scales were used to collect information from older adults related to relocation autonomy (Perceived Control Measure Scale), loneliness (de Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale), satisfaction with service quality (Service Quality Scale), physical and psychological well-being (General Well-Being Scale), and social well-being (Duke Social Support Index). A psychometric analysis of these scales was carried out followed by three separate multiple regression analyses to predict physical, psychological, and social well-being from socio-demographic variables and key independent variables (relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with service quality).ResultsThe results of multiple regression analyses showed that the models predicting physical (R2 = 0.579), psychological (R2 = 0.654), and social well-being (R2 = 0.615) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Number of visitors was a significant predictor of physical (b = 0.82, p = 0.01), psychological (b = 0.80, p < 0.001), and social (b = 2.40, p < 0.001) well-being. Loneliness significantly predicted physical (b = -0.14, p = 0.005), psychological (b = -0.19, p < 0.001), and social (b = -0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Control over relocation process significantly predicted physical (b = 0.56, p < 0.001) and psychological (b = 0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Satisfaction with services significantly predicted physical (b = 0.07, p < 0.001) and social (b = 0.08, p < 0.001) well-being.ConclusionPragmatic, equitable and cost-effective interventions are needed to improve the wellbeing of older residents living in senior care facilities. Friendly behavior of mobilizing staff and adjusted residents to facilitate new residents, therapeutic interventions such as relocation support programs, reminiscence therapy and intergenerational support, and increasing their exposure and connection to the outside world, can raise their physical, psychological, and social well-being.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented distinct challenges to the psychological wellbeing (PWB) and social emotional competence (SEC) of Chinese children and adolescents due to prolonged prevention measures, but knowledge of their PWB and SEC status in the post-pandemic era—including distinctive patterns, essential determinants, and interrelationships—remains limited.MethodThis study employed a self-report questionnaire with three sections (baseline characteristics, PWB scale, and SEC scale) to survey the PWB and SEC levels of Chinese children and adolescents in Gong'an County, central China. A total of 3,420 participants aged 8–16 from different areas in the district were surveyed and 2,848 valid responses were collected. Additionally, we identified 24 participants with low PWB and SEC scores and conducted follow-up interviews and family visits with them and their parents. Quantitative statistical analyses included descriptive analyses, analysis of variance (ANOVA), logistical regressions, and correlational analyses. Qualitative analyses were conducted to explain the statistical results as well as reveal emerging themed findings.ResultsThe quantitative data revealed moderate PWB and SEC levels among the participants, with significant variations based on baseline characteristics such as grade level, school location, academic rank, parent marital status, household economic condition, and left-behind status. Determinants influencing both PWB and SEC included academic rank, parent marital status, and household economic condition. The interrelationships between PWB and SEC dimensions also highlighted the importance of self-management for the wellbeing of Chinese youths. Furthermore, three theme findings were identified that are aligned with the quantitative results, focusing on PWB and SEC challenges, the impact of economic conditions on family dynamics, and the influence of grade obsession and self-esteem issues in the post-pandemic era.ConclusionTeachers should monitor students' psychological and emotional wellbeing, especially those with poor academic performance, disadvantaged backgrounds, and unstable parental relationships. Non-left-behind children with high social awareness require equal attention. Effective interventions are needed to develop students' self-management and self-awareness, thus promoting their PWB.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological well-being, spiritual well-being, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with coronary artery disease. A descriptive correlational design and a convenience sampling method were adopted and data were collected from 401 patients suffering from coronary artery disease who were treated in outpatient clinics in government, private, and educational health sectors from June 2022 to September 2022. Findings demonstrated that participants reported low and moderate levels of psychological and spiritual well-being, and high HRQOL. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between HRQOL and income, educational level, psychological well-being, and spiritual well-being. Income, psychological well-being, and spiritual well-being were the main predictors for HRQOL. Thus, this study could help policymakers, hospital administrators, and healthcare professionals develop proper strategies and programs to promote psychological and spiritual well-being, which influence patients' treatment outcomes and increase their HRQOL.