Exploring the diversity of health innovation labs: models, roles and impact in modern healthcare

BackgroundLarge pharmaceutical companies are evolving their innovation strategies, moving from closed R&D models towards open, collaborative ecosystems. Innovation labs have emerged as key organizational infrastructures in this shift, designed to accelerate the development, validation and adoption of new healthcare solutions. However, a systematic understanding of industry-led innovation labs remains limited.ObjectiveThis study aims to comprehensively characterize the structure, strategic focus, activities and outputs of innovation labs promoted by major pharmaceutical companies, and to identify patterns and divergences across different organizational models.MethodsWe conducted a structured literature review in PubMed and an original mapping of innovation labs established by the top 20 global pharmaceutical companies. Data were collected from peer-reviewed publications, official corporate reports and grey literature. Innovation labs were analyzed according to their digital orientation, geographical structure (unicentric versus multicentric), activity domains, stakeholder engagement and innovation outputs.ResultsA total of 102 innovation centres promoted by 14 pharmaceutical companies were included. Most centres demonstrated a strong digital focus, particularly on digital health solutions and remote patient monitoring. Collaboration activities were widely reported (98%), mainly involving universities (92%) and other industries (65%). Support for entrepreneurship was a major theme, reflected in mentoring programs (87%), co-development opportunities (85%) and access to funding (40%). A comparative analysis revealed that multicentric initiatives were significantly more engaged in external collaborations, entrepreneurship promotion and educational activities, and produced higher rates of patents and spin-offs compared with unicentric initiatives. However, unicentric labs were more associated with internal capacity building and early-stage clinical research.ConclusionsPharmaceutical innovation labs are pivotal in healthcare transformation, integrating scientific, technological and entrepreneurial approaches. Multicentric and unicentric models offer complementary strengths: multicentric hubs enhance external engagement and scalability, while unicentric labs foster organizational learning and focused research. Understanding and strategically balancing both models could maximize the impact of pharmaceutical innovation infrastructures. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts, patient involvement and the interaction of innovation labs with venture capital ecosystems and regulatory frameworks.

This paper will present the concepts of the EURYDICE project funded by the Erasmus + program. Within this project, the focus is on renewable energies with the overall goal to enhance employability. The energy generation landscape in South Africa is undergoing a fundamental transition, as the vision of the energy strategy is to contribute to affordable energy for all. This vision will be supported by innovative labs and portals which will be developed within this project. One of the goals is closing the gap between Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges (TVET) studies and diploma studies by the definition of industrial experience requirements for University of Technology (UoT) diploma students. This leads to an increased preparedness and “studyability” of UoT diploma students. Industrial stakeholders will be integrated into the process. The project will develop an “Industrial Portal” as a working tool. To increase industry cooperation in postgraduate education, “Open Labs” and “Mobile Labs” will be developed. It is intended that industry brings industrial problems into the “Labs”, which will then be solved by the students.

Background:There is an increasing trend of nonplastic surgeons performing breast surgery. Within, we evaluate the representation of plastic surgeons listed for breast reconstruction on major hospital system websites within the United States.Methods:The website search engines for the top 20 US medical centers according to the US News and World Report’s Hospital Rankings from 2020 to 2021 were queried for search terms pertaining to breast reconstruction. Information collected for search results included gender, if they were a physician, medical specialty, medical school and residency attended, and each individual’s position within the search results.Results:Across 80 distinct search attempts, 27 searches (34%) produced no results. The search term “breast reconstruction” yielded the most plastic surgeon search results, with plastic surgeons composing 39% of all search results. The search term “mastectomy” generated the least number of plastic surgeon results, with a 16% representation of plastic surgeons. Nearly two-thirds of physicians identified were nonplastic surgeons (67%). Other surgeons represented 47% of search results and obstetricians/gynecologists, 2%. Nonsurgeons represented 18% of queries. On average, plastic surgeons appeared higher on search lists than nonplastic surgeons, 13th to 39th, respectively (P < 0.001).Conclusions:Plastic surgeons composed only a third of physicians identified, and a third of searches produced no results. Patients interested in breast reconstruction may encounter difficulty finding an appropriate plastic surgeon. Inadequate search engines on hospital websites introduce inefficiencies for the entire health care systems and may negatively impact hospital and physician bottom line.

Hospital websites play a key role when patients seek specialist care. Patients may become overwhelmed with the number of search results generated by hospital websites when looking for facial aesthetics procedures. This study characterizes plastic surgeons' representation on major hospital system websites in the United States for facial aesthetic procedures. The "find a doctor" tool on the top 20 US hospitals, as described in the US News and World Report's Hospital Rankings 2020-2021, was queried for 6 facial aesthetic procedures: rhinoplasty, facial rejuvenation, face lift, neck lift, blepharoplasty, and brow lift. Physician information such as their sex, medical specialty, medical school location, and residency program was recorded. Our study revealed 1189 healthcare professionals, with 1077 being physicians. Plastic surgeons were consistently underrepresented in the results for each of the six search terms. The search term "blepharoplasty" produced the greatest number of plastic surgeons (44%), whereas the term "facial rejuvenation" produced the lowest number of plastic surgeons (32%). Nonsurgeons represented 6% of queries. This study highlights the underrepresentation of plastic surgeons on hospital websites when searching for common facial aesthetic procedures. Factors such as the prevalence of procedures performed outside of hospitals, overlapping procedural privileges, and search engine inaccuracies may contribute to this issue. Patients may face challenges locating a plastic surgeon and could benefit from more streamlined guidance when using hospital websites.

This research aims to determine the correlation between students' mathematical abilities and science abilities. The population of this study were te students of the PGSD Department of FIP Makassa State University, the 6th Campus of Bone, Class of 2020, in totaling of 60 students. The data analysis technique were descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis, it was found that the average mathematics and science abilities of students were 41.43 and 57.80 and the based on inferential statistical analysis it was found that the correlation coefficient value for students' mathematics and science abilities was of 0.858 and the sig. (two parties) value was of 0.000. Because the Sig value. &lt; α/2 (with α=0.05) then H1 was accepted. The results of the research can be concluded that there is a relationship between students' mathematical abilities and students' natural science abilities: (1) the type of connection is unidirectional, meaning that if the students' mathematical abilities increase, the students' natural science abilities also increase or if the students' natural science abilities increase, the students' mathematical abilities also increase and (2) the relationship between mathematics ability and students' science ability is very strong and significant

The article presents the results of a systematic analysis of the current state of application of artificial intelligence (AI) in software engineering (SW) based on the analysis of publications, assessment of AI capabilities, experience in its application, and conducted experiments. The conceptual foundations of the research were formed, which determine: perception of AI as a tool, not an individual of work; the main directions of its application are engineering and management; the subject of AI application is the processing of artifacts (synthesis and analysis) and obtaining consultations; the need to assess the quality of AI-derived products and analyze the risks of its use is emphasized. Directions of application of AI in management: agreement processes (development of product concept and contract), organizational processes (project group formation and selection of technologies) and project management (planning, risk management, control and analysis of project implementation) Directions of application of AI in engineering: requirements management, design, construction, testing and documenting. To systematize the analysis of AI application directions, a conceptual model was developed, which includes: the direction, subject, and mode of application of AI. The mode of application of AI: the format of the prompt (problem statement and set of input data), the required product and its type (finished product, prototype, template, solution options, information support), the role of AI (executor, co-author, consultant), form of AI interaction (external service, integration via API, integrated system or local autonomous system). A structure of derivative models was formed for the analysis of the application of AI in specific directions with an overview of the capabilities of the most effective AI tools. As conclusions, it was determined that in management, the most rational model of using AI is to receive consultations and prototypes of documentation when contacting external AI services, in engineering – creating prototypes of project solutions and documentation based on external services, using integrated AI systems for design and testing in co-authorship mode. The risks of using AI include the possibility of obtaining insufficiently detailed documentation, complex and confusing software artifacts, and errors in the software code. To reduce risks and increase the effectiveness of AI application, it is determined that constant quality control of its products and training based on corporate requirements and standards is required.

Reviewed by: From Monastery to Hospital: Christian Monasticism and the Transformation of Health Care in Late Antiquity Gary B. Ferngren Andrew T. Crislip . From Monastery to Hospital: Christian Monasticism and the Transformation of Health Care in Late Antiquity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005. x + 235 pp. Ill. $65.00, £33.00 (0-472-11474-3). In this important book Andrew Crislip traces the development of early Christian monastic care of the sick, primarily in Egypt. He argues that Egyptian monasticism, while not wholly representative of monasticism everywhere, produced an innovative kind of health care. Much of it was palliative and hygienic, administered by laypersons—but it was also made available in infirmaries, which developed into protohospitals that corresponded to "the best types available outside the monastery" (p. 8). From the beginning, Crislip argues, health care was an integral part of the monastic movement that "fundamentally transformed the health care system of Late Antiquity by providing the template for the late antique hospital, which emerged in the 370s" (p. 8). Crislip divides the treatment of his subject into four chapters. In chapter 1 he describes the major features of the monastic system of medical care: "health care delivery, medical personnel, methods of treatment, and the specific components of medical healing" (p. 9); those components include diagnostic procedures, therapeutic strategies, and forms of healing that ranged from dietary care to surgery. In chapter 2 he depicts the social and cultural context of monastic health care. He points out that the family (or, more properly speaking, the household) was the focal point in caring for the ill in Graeco-Roman society, which philanthropy and patronage did little to supplement; since entering the monastic life required the renunciation of family and external social ties, it became necessary to create a surrogate family within the walls of the monastery that allowed it to function as a social unit. Chapter 3 describes the creation of a new sick role, which Crislip believes developed as a result of the monastic health-care system. Within the monastery the sick were exempted from certain obligations like work, communal worship, and even a normal diet. Most importantly, the sick were treated sympathetically and relieved of blame for their illness, although exemptions from ordinary responsibilites often engendered resistance by some monks who "hypervaluated" sickness for its spiritual value. Chapter 4 describes the birth of the hospital, especially the Basileias in Cappadocia, and its constituent parts (the poorhouse, hospice, orphanage, leprosarium, and home for the elderly). Crislip surveys the alleged precursors of the hospital: temples of Asclepius, doctors' clinics, public physicians, and slave and military infirmaries (valetudinaria). He argues that none of them provides a plausible early model for the Christian hospital that emerged in the late fourth century. [End Page 577] Crislip's study exhibits the strengths of his philological and historical approach. It is based on a painstaking examination of monastic rules, epistles, homilies, and lives of monks from late antiquity, as well as a thorough understanding of the social context of Egyptian asceticism and Greek medicine. While Crislip avoids presentism, his adoption of the vocabulary of modern health care may give the unwary reader the impression that he is dealing with concepts that are more highly developed than they were. The book is densely packed, made especially so by extensive annotation and a detailed bibliography. The general reader might be encouraged to skip the notes, but the scholar will find a great deal of important material in them, especially in the Coptic sources that Crislip has mastered. Few monographic studies of medical care in late antiquity as important as this one have appeared in recent years. It is well researched, judicious in its conclusions, and a model of careful scholarship in a field that abounds in difficulties and pitfalls. Gary B. Ferngren Oregon State University Copyright © 2006 The Johns Hopkins University Press

This bibliometric study examines the publication activities of German university departments of gastroenterology and hepatology.First and last authorships from staff members (chief and consultants) of 39 German university departments of gastroenterology were evaluated. Gender assignment was carried out through manual verification based on information available on hospital websites. The observation period extended from 2010 to 2019, and all PubMed-listed publications were considered. The 5-year Impact factor (IF2016) was evaluated through the publishing journals' five-year IF in 2016.A total of 4,923 publications with 22,609.5 cumulative impact factors (c-IFs) were generated by 509 staff members. Publications on gastroenterology accounted for 30.3% and publications on hepatology for 26.7% of the total publications. The most common research foci were therapeutic approaches (35.0%) and diagnostics (30.2%). While women comprised 21.8% of the total staff, they accounted for only 16.9% of publishing authors. The proportion of female staff decreased with increasing professional level (Consultants 26.2%, Consultants with management functions 12.7%, Directors 10%; Doctors 29.9%, Senior lecturers 13.9%, Professors 15.4%). The c-IF were distributed as 89% male and 11% female staff, with the average IF per authorship being nearly equal for male and female authorships (men IF 4.54, women IF 4.42).This study confirms the strong male dominance in leadership positions, number of publications, and generated c-IFs in German gastroenterological university departments.

Introduction. Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) remain a serious problem in modern healthcare. ESKAPE pathogens characterized by multiple drug resistance pose the greatest danger. Their spread is facilitated by irrational use of antibiotics, insufficient control and limited diagnostic capabilities. Effective counteraction requires constant microbiological monitoring, optimization of antimicrobial therapy and improvement of infection control systems. The aim of the study is to analyze current data on health care-associated infections caused by microorganisms of the ESKAPE group, with an emphasis on their epidemiological significance. Materials and methods. A review of the scientific literature for 2018–2025 was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary, etc. The search query included the keywords: «HAI», «ESKAPE pathogens», «antibiotic resistance», etc. The analysis includes original studies, systematic reviews, WHO publications containing current data on the structure of HAI, antimicrobial resistance and prevention methods. Uncensored and outdated materials were excluded, as well as works not related to the pathogens of the ESKAPE group. Results and discussion. HAI caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to public health. An analysis of domestic and foreign data shows – the main pathogens of HAI are members of the ESKAPE group, whose share among clinical isolates reaches 40–75 %. The data obtained highlight the leading role of ESKAPE pathogens in the etiology of nosocomial infections, the need for continuous microbiological monitoring, rational antibiotic therapy and strict infection control. Conclusion. Prevention of nosocomial infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens is possible only with adherence to infection control measures and rational antimicrobial therapy. Constant microbiological monitoring plays a key role, allowing for timely detection of changes in the structure of pathogens and adjustment of treatment. Improving diagnostics, staff training, and implementing antimicrobial policy programs are the foundation of prevention. Combating the antibiotic resistance of ESKAPE pathogens is a priority in healthcare and an important element of national biosafety.

The IoT has broad application in the field of medical care as well as health care. It has potential to provide ascend to numerous medical services and applications like remote or distant health monitoring, information tracking, improved drug usage, device, emergency care, healthcare charting etc. The IoT has a variety of application area which includes health care. The modern health care is becoming sophisticated and redesigned by the IoT revolution. Promising technological, economic, and social prospects promote the revolution in IoT. The IoT is likely to enable a range of healthcare solutions. In the context of healthcare, service and application cannot be differentiated objectively and both are interdependent. So, both IoT services and IoT applications ought to have closer attention. This chapter addresses various healthcare applications which are IoT-based, along with some healthcare technologies. Many promising and enabling technologies are nowadays working for IoT-based healthcare solutions, and thus it is important to put some lights on those technologies. In this respect, the following analysis focuses on some core technologies which have the prospective to revolutionize IoT enabled healthcare services.

In the digital era, healthcare customer feedback plays a pivotal role in shaping the reputation of healthcare organizations. The study explores how digital advancements are integrated into modern healthcare, offering both transformative insights and addressing the challenges they present. It investigates how technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), digital platforms, and patient feedback systems impact patient care, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction in healthcare settings. The study emphasizes the importance of balancing both capitalizing on the opportunities presented by innovations and addressing the inherent difficulties associated with digitalization in healthcare, underlining the need for a comprehensive approach to navigating the opportunities and challenges in healthcare digitalization. AI is recognized for its role in reshaping value creation in healthcare, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and improving patient care. Additionally, the study identifies key areas of research essential for effectively navigating the digital transformation in healthcare, including operational efficiency, patient-centric strategies, and organizational factors. However, along with the potential benefits come challenges, such as the need for regulatory frameworks to validate new technologies and address privacy concerns surrounding patient data. Managing reputation and customer relationships in the digital sphere also emerges as critical for healthcare organizations. In summary, the study underscores the importance of healthcare institutions prioritizing patient-centric care, adopting digital innovations, and adeptly navigating regulatory and ethical challenges. By doing so, they can enhance patient outcomes, and satisfaction, and drive innovation in today's dynamic healthcare landscape.

Objectives: to assess the elderly's satisfaction toward health care through the use of the domains of health care seeking and physical activity, and to find out the relationship between elderly's satisfaction and their demographic characteristics of age, gender, marital status, level of education, health state, and economic status. Methodology: A descriptive study concerning the assessment of elderly's satisfaction toward health care at geriatric home in Baghdad city. of November 26th, 2013 to September 3rd, 2014.The selection of the sample through a non-probability purposive sample is (N=86) of elderly aged 65 years and over who reside in geriatric home. Data are collected through interview using questionnaire tool and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis which reveal, The reliability of the questionnaire which is determined through a pilot study and the validity is achieved through a panel of (18) experts. Results: The study results showed demographic characteristics analysis of the sample concerned, the large number of the sample that was with age (65-69) years (34.9%) and also showed that majority of study sample (59.3%) are men and the remaining are women, and with regard to marital status it was found that many of them are widows and their percentage (38.4%). Regarding subject level of education, the greater number of them are illiterate and they are accounted for (48.8%) In addition, the majority of the elderly who suffer of chronic disease are (73.3) while the majority of them have no previous surgery and their percentage (58.1%) Regarding housing ownership (74.4%) they are absent or (do not have a house), and most of the elderly's monthly income is (53.5%) insufficient. Conclusion: The present study conclude the elderly were generally satisfied with health care, and it was the best domain of elderly satisfaction is the nutrient intake and the less domain of health care seeking. While the study showed that, the demographic characteristics of elderly had no impact upon their overall satisfaction toward health care except the level of education. Therefore, that gender affects the satisfaction of the elderly in seeking of health care. In addition, the monthly income effects on elderly satisfaction with nutrient intake. As well as the age and suffering of chronic diseases affecting the physical activity domain and with level of elderly satisfaction in this aspect there is an impact of each gender, level of education and monthly income of the elderly on their satisfaction towards the social domain, the age affects the elderly satisfaction with psychological domain. Recommendations: The study recommended the following: Promotion of health care provided to the elderly especially with regard to access to health care and the practice of physical activity. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, in cooperation with the Ministry of Health can establish a special health center for the elderly to help them to get health care. As well as the establishment of a sports hall equipped to encourage the elderly to exercise of daily activities sports. Work of collective entertainment trips continuously to improve elderly mental and social state.

Summary This issue of NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery includes articles, case studies, and research reports on U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid payment models, mental health navigation, patient transfers, machine learning, HIV preexposure prophylaxis, patient-reported outcome measures and hospital rankings, and post-acute care.

Message from the Guest Editor

A healthcare system that is transformed by cutting-edge technology, where patient outcomes improve, clinical workflows become more efficient, and the overall quality of care reaches new heights, this is what Generative Artificial Intelligence is promising in healthcare solutions. Unlike traditional AI which analyzes and processes existing data, generative AI has the unique ability to create new content including creating synthetic medical images, crafting personalized treatment plans, and developing new drug therapies. The aim of this chapter is to explore Generative AI in healthcare aligning with human rights. The focus is on healthcare systems benefiting from this technology and provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications in healthcare. Generative AI alignment with human rights principles and standards is also discussed by critically examining its adherence to privacy, equity, and non-discrimination, and evaluating the ethical implications of AI in healthcare