Exploring the coevolution dynamics of residents and recyclers in electric vehicle battery recycling decisions on the two-layer heterogeneous complex networks

Traffic dynamics on layered complex networks

Traffic dynamics on two-layer complex networks with limited delivering capacity

Global static routing is one kind of important routing algorithms for complex networks, especially in large communication networks. In this paper, we propose a heuristic global static routing algorithm to mitigate traffic congestion on two-layer complex networks. The proposed routing algorithm extends the relevant static weighted routing algorithm in the literature [Y. Zhou, Y. F. Peng, X. L. Yang and K. P. Long, Phys. Sci. 84, 055802 (2011)]. Our routing path is constructed from a proper assignment of edge weights by considering the static information of both layers and an adjustable parameter α. When this routing algorithm is adopted on BA–BA two-layer networks with an appropriate parameter α, it can achieve the maximum network traffic capacity compared with the shortest path (SP) routing algorithm and the static weighted routing algorithm.

In order to alleviate traffic congestion on multilayer networks, designing an efficient routing strategy is one of the most important ways. In this paper, a novel routing strategy is proposed to reduce traffic congestion on two-layer networks. In the proposed strategy, the optimal paths in the physical layer are chosen by comprehensively considering the roles of nodes’ degrees of the two layers. Both numerical and analytical results indicate that our routing strategy can reasonably redistribute the traffic load of the physical layer, and thus the traffic capacity of two-layer complex networks are significantly enhanced compared with the shortest path routing (SPR) and the global awareness routing (GAR) strategies. This study may shed some light on the optimization of networked traffic dynamics.

A model of the enterprise supply chain risk propagation based on partially mapping two-layer complex networks

The routing strategy is important to information dissemination and exchange in complex communication networks. The traditional routing strategies are often insufficient to alleviate congestion and enhance the utilization efficiency of two-layer complex networks. In this paper, a novel efficient static weighted routing strategy is proposed. The weight of the logical edges mapped on the hub nodes at the physical layer is assigned a higher weight according to the degree of nodes. Then packets choose the routing path with the minimum sum weight of logical edges. It is found that the average packet transmission time and average throughput have been improved greatly compared to the shortest path routing strategy in two-layer complex networks.

Recent studies have shown that many real-world systems can be described by multi-layer complex networks. In this paper, the concept of layers is introduced to construct a traffic-driven SIR epidemic spreading model on “logical-physical” layered network. Based on the peak density of infected nodes and the ultimate density of recovered nodes, we investigate the features of epidemic spreading on layered network. Through numerical simulations, it is shown that traffic flow greatly influences the intensity and scope of epidemic spreading. By comparing the effects of four kinds of two-layer networks generated by ER random network model and BA scale-free network model on epidemic spreading, we found that the homogeneity of logical or physical network structure can promote the spread of epidemic more than heterogeneous networks. This work may be of service to design traffic-driven epidemic prevention and control strategies.

Synchronization of complex networks has been extensively investigated in various fields. In the real world, one network is usually affected by another one but coexists in harmony with it, which can be regarded as another kind of synchronization--generalized synchronization (GS). In this paper, the GS in two-layer complex networks with unidirectional inter-layer coupling via pinning control is investigated based on the auxiliary-system approach. Specifically, for two-layer networks under study, one is considered as the drive network and the other is the response one. According to the auxiliary-system approach, output from the drive layer is designed as input for the response one, and an identical duplication of the response layer is constructed, which is driven by the same driving signals. A sufficient condition for achieving GS via pinning control is presented. Numerical simulations are further provided to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical results. It is also revealed that the least number of pinned nodes needed for achieving GS decreases with the increasing density of the response layer. In addition, it is found that when the intra-layer coupling strength of the response network is large, nodes with larger degrees should be selected to pin first for the purpose of achieving GS. However, when the coupling strength is small, it is more preferable to pin nodes with smaller degrees. This work provides engineers with a convenient approach to realize harmonious coexistence of various complex systems, which can further facilitate the selection of pinned systems and reduce control cost.

Topology analysis of Lanzhou public transport network based on double-layer complex network theory

The traffic dynamics of multi-layer networks has become a hot research topic since many networks are comprised of two or more layers of subnetworks. Due to its low traffic capacity, the traditional shortest path routing (SPR) protocol is susceptible to congestion on two-layer complex networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient routing strategy named improved global awareness routing (IGAR) strategy which is based on the betweenness centrality of nodes in the two layers. With the proposed strategy, the routing paths can bypass hub nodes of both layers to enhance the transport efficiency. Simulation results show that the IGAR strategy can bring much better traffic capacity than the SPR and the global awareness routing (GAR) strategies. Because of the significantly improved traffic performance, this study is helpful to alleviate congestion of the two-layer complex networks.

This paper considers the generalized synchronization in two-layer complex networks with unidirectional inter-layer coupling, where the part of inter-layer nodes can only communicate on some disconnected the intervals. Based on the auxiliary-system approach, the output of the drive layer is used as the input of the response one, and the identical duplication of the response layer is designed, which is driven by the same driving signals. A novel distributed adaptive intermittent pining control is proposed by using the relative local intermittent information, where inter-layer coupling nodes are assigned time-varying coupling weights. The generalized synchronization can be achieved if the communication measure are larger than some given values. Finally, two examples are given to demonstrate the theoretical results.

With the development of information networks, the study on rumor propagation attracts more and more attention. In this paper, we investigate rumor propagation in two-layer complex networks with three groups of agents: spreaders, ignorants, and refuters. Considering that rumor spreading and rumor refutation are realized in different ways in real life, we assume that rumor spreads in ER layer while it is refuted in SF layer. There are three types of states in the evolution of the system after a period of transient time: 1) all individuals become refuters; 2) ignorants coexist with refuters; 3) three types of individuals coexist. The simulation results demonstrate that high refuting rate and slow spreading rate exert positive effect on the coexistence state in which spreaders, ignorants, and refuters coexist. We discuss the effects of propagation model parameters, initial densities of different agents and the topological properties of networks on the rumor propagation. We find that the probability of an agent becoming a spreader is determined by his neighbors in the SF layer. The deciding factor is the sum of degrees in the ER layer of these neighbors.

In networked systems, traffic is one of the most fundamental dynamical processes. Since the betweenness of nodes in complex networks can theoretically represent the traffic load of nodes, a routing strategy for two-layer complex networks is proposed based on the betweenness centrality. With the routing strategy, the packets are set to bypass the nodes with large betweenness in the logical layer network and the physical layer network. The traffic loads can be redistributed from the central nodes to the noncentral nodes efficiently. The routing strategy can alleviate the congestion and promote the traffic capacity of multilayers complex networks. Compared to the shortest path routing (SPR) and improved active routing (IAR) strategy, simulation results show that the two-layer complex networks capacity is considerably enhanced when $\beta$=0.75..

The mutual influence between information and infectious diseases during the spreading process is becoming increasingly prominent. To elucidate the impact of factors such as higher-order interactions, interpersonal distances, and asymptomatic carriers on the coupled propagation of information and infectious diseases, a novel coupled spreading model is constructed based on a two-layer complex network, where one layer is a higher-order network and another layer is a weighted network. The higher-order interactions in information propagation are characterized using a 2-simplex, and a sUARU (simplicial unaware-aware-removed-unaware) model is employed to articulate information propagation. The inter-individual social distances in disease propagation are represented by the weights of a weighted network, and an SEIS (susceptible-exposed-infected-susceptible) model is utilized to describe disease propagation. The dynamic equations of coupled spreading are formulated utilizing the microscopic Markov chain approach. An analytical expression for the epidemic threshold is obtained by deriving it from the steady-state form of the dynamic equations. Comprehensive simulations are conducted to scrutinize the dynamic characteristics of the coupled spreading model. The findings indicate that enhancing the effects of higher-order interactions in information propagation and increasing inter-individual social distances both lead to higher outbreak thresholds and greater spreading of diseases. Additionally, a stronger infectivity among asymptomatic carriers and an extended incubation period are favorable for the outbreak and spread of an epidemic. These findings can provide meaningful guidance for the prevention and control of real-world epidemics.

This paper is concerned with two-layer complex networks with unidirectional interlayer couplings, where the drive and response layer have time-varying coupling delay and different topological structures. An adaptive control scheme is proposed to investigate finite-time mixed interlayer synchronization (FMIS) of two-layer networks. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, a criterion for realizing FMIS is derived. In addition, several sufficient conditions for realizing mixed interlayer synchronization are given. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to verify the correctness and effectiveness of theoretical results. Meanwhile, the proposed adaptive control strategy is demonstrated to be nonfragile with the noise perturbation.