Exploring Performance Engagement in Online Postgraduate Learning: Utilisation of Digital Activities

Objective: To identify the level of maternal engagement in complying with the micronutrient (MN) supplementation guidelines for the prevention and control of anemia in children under 24 months of age "in the district of Independencia, Lima, between the years 2015 and 2016". Materials and methods: A descriptive, observational, longitudinal and retrospective study was performed at the Centro de Salud Ermitaño Bajo, district of Independencia, Lima, between the years 2015 and 2016. Participants were mothers whose children started micronutrient supplementation. Data was collected from 40 selected medical records. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Main outcome measures were: I) High level of engagement: the infant received ≥ 181 MN sachets and ≥ 2 hemoglobin doses. II) Intermediate-high level of engagement: the infant received ≥ 181 MN sachets and ≤ 1 hemoglobin dose. III) Intermediate-low level of engagement: the infant received ≤ 180 MN sachets and ≥ 2 hemoglobin doses. IV) Low level of engagement: the infant received ≤ 180 MN sachets and ≤ 1 hemoglobin dose. Results: I) High level of engagement: 9 mothers (22.5 %). II) Intermediate-high level of engagement: 3 mothers (7.5 %). III) Intermediate-low level of engagement: 5 mothers (12.5 %). IV) Low level of engagement: 23 mothers (57.5 %). Conclusions: Only 9 (22.5 %) mothers had a high level of engagement in complying with the micronutrient supplementation guidelinesfor the prevention and control of anemia in children under 24 months of age at the Centro de Salud Ermitaño Bajo, district of Independencia.

The study's primary objective was to explore the relationships between students' learning management system analytics, online engagement, and mathematics performance. It utilized a causal quantitative design employing path analysis to determine the indirect and direct effects of students' learning management analytics and the mediating role of online engagement in mathematics performance. Participants involved 835 college freshmen, and their analytics were evaluated in terms of their participation and page views in a specific course in mathematics. Results showed that students across sexes and colleges have a high level of online engagement in terms of cognitive, behavioral, and psychological aspects, while their mathematics performance across sexes and colleges is interpreted as very good. When the mediating role of online engagement between students' analytics and mathematics performance was investigated using path analysis, results revealed that psychological engagement is a mediating factor between the number of participation and math performance. Findings further showed partial mediation since the number of participation and page views also showed significant direct effects on online engagements and mathematics performance. The study concludes that students with higher participation in learning management systems are associated with higher online engagement. A particular suggestion is to integrate methods of intervention into the online instructional design to perpetuate students' positive psychological engagement, such as providing meaningful and inspiring activities accompanied by instructors' THE LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND STUDENT ENGAGEMENT guidance and feedback, as this study found that psychological engagement serves an important mediator function involving learning analytics and achievement in mathematics. Keywords: Learning Management System, Canvas, student engagement, performance in Mathematics, psychological online engagement

Engagement With Online Tobacco Marketing and Associations With Tobacco Product Use Among U.S. Youth

BackgroundRemote patient monitoring (RPM) for hypertension is effective for lowering blood pressure (BP), but it is unknown whether engagement in RPM is equal for diverse populations or whether engagement impacts achievement of BP targets.ObjectiveTo determine how participant characteristics are associated with level of RPM engagement and examine whether RPM engagement impacts achievement of BP < 140/90 mmHg at six months.DesignRetrospective cohort study from January 1, 2022 to August 31, 2023.ParticipantsAdults with hypertension, referred to RPM by their primary care clinician with the opportunity to be enrolled for least six months of enrollment at an urban academic health center.Main MeasuresThe primary outcome was a high level of engagement, defined as measuring BP more than half the days of the month for at least two of the three first months of participation, versus a low level of engagement. The secondary outcome was BP control < 140/90 mmHg by six months.Key ResultsA total of 835 patients were enrolled in RPM. There were 521 (62.40%) participants with a high level of engagement. Older age (aOR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.04]) and lower baseline average systolic BP (aOR = 0.98, 95% CI [0.97, 0.99]) were associated with increased odds of a high level of engagement. Gender, race/ethnicity, and preferred language were not associated with level of engagement. Among all participants, 478 (62.65%) achieved BP control by six months. Those with a high level of engagement, adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and baseline average systolic BP, had 83% higher odds of achieving BP control compared to those with a low level of engagement (aOR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.24, 2.69]).ConclusionsRPM engagement was feasible in a diverse patient population and was similar across demographic groups. A higher level of engagement was associated with achieving BP control.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11606-026-10303-y.

The study sought to explore the levels of emotional intelligence and academic engagement among college students, which has not been extensively represented in the existing literature within the Eritrean higher educational context. The study comprised a sample of 119 senior Asmara College of Education students selected through the convenience sampling strategy. The Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test and Student Engagement Scale were employed to assess the levels of emotional intelligence and student engagement of the participants. Frequency distribution, Pearson-moment correlation, and independent sample t-tests were conducted for data analysis. A significance level of 0.05 was selected to determine statistical significance when testing the relationships of emotional intelligence and engagement with demographic variables. The findings of the study revealed that most students exhibited moderate to high levels of emotional intelligence and academic engagement. The independent sample t-tests indicated that female students tended to have higher levels of emotional intelligence and also reported higher behavioral engagement compared to male students. Regarding the program of study, students from the Department of Psychology and Educational Administration showed higher levels of emotional intelligence than Science education students. Conversely, Science Education students displayed greater cognitive engagement compared to those in Psychology and Educational Administration. Age was found to have a significant association with academic engagement, with older students demonstrating higher levels compared to younger students. However, the Pearson product-moment results demonstrated that significant emotional intelligence scores did not significantly differ across different age groups. The findings are expected to offer significant insights into student engagement and emotional intelligence within the context of higher education. Moreover, this study can offer practical guidance for college communities on fostering students' levels of engagement in learning and emotional skills.

The effect of a healthy lifestyle on diabetes-related dementia remains unknown. We examined whether an active lifestyle and rich social network may counteract the increased risk of dementia in people with diabetes. Dementia-free older adults from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) (n = 2,650) were followed up for 10 years. Diabetes was ascertained on the basis of medical history, medication use, medical records, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5% and prediabetes as HbA1c between 5.7 and 6.5%. Dementia was diagnosed by specialists following standard criteria. An active lifestyle was defined as a moderate to high (vs. low) level of engagement in leisure activities or a rich social network (having moderate to rich [vs. poor] social connections and support). Hazard ratios (HRs) of dementia risk were derived from Cox regression models. There were 246 incident dementia cases during follow-up. Those with diabetes (n = 243), but not those with prediabetes (n = 921), had greater risk of dementia (adjusted HR 2.0 [95% CI 1.4-2.9]) than diabetes-free participants. Participants with diabetes but low level of engagement in leisure activities (HR 4.2 [95% CI 2.2-8.2]) or a poor social network (HR 3.4 [95% CI 1.9-6.1]) had greater dementia risk than diabetes-free participants with moderate to high levels of leisure activity engagement or a moderate to rich social network. In participants with diabetes, an active lifestyle (high level of engagement in leisure activities or a rich social network) was associated with less of a raised risk (HR 1.9 [95% CI 1.1-3.4]). An active and socially integrated lifestyle may significantly counteract the detrimental effect of diabetes on dementia risk.

BackgroundAt the end of February 2020 a new case was diagnosed with COVID-19 in north Italy, suddenly followed by new cases. Italian health authorities decided to enforce restrictive measures. Northern areas of Italy were identified as “red areas” to slow down the epidemic and its impact on the healthcare system. From this perspective, the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy constitutes a testing ground for the assessment of the ability of consumers to cope with this health risk.MethodsA cross-sectional study on a representative sample of 1000 Italian citizens was conducted over the period 27 February- 5 March exploring the following hypotheses: 1) less engaged individuals are more concerned for the health emergency and feel more vulnerable; 2) less engaged have higher probability to develop negative attitudes and dysfunctional behaviors.Resultsonly the 16% the interviewees presented a high level of engagement. Lower levels of engagement were measured in the southern parts of Italy (not yet touched by the epidemics at the time of data collection). People with lowers levels of engagement reported higher fears for the contagion and sense of vulnerability. Furthermore, they showed the lower levels of trust in the Public Health Authorities, in medical research and in vaccines. Finally, they appeared more dismissive in their preventive behaviors and more disorganized in the fruition of the healthcare services.ConclusionsA psychological analysis of processes of attitudinal and role change in the direction of becoming more engaged in health prevention is worthy in order to forecast potential dysfunctional reactions to restrictive health prevention measures and to orient personalized education initiatives to consumers with different level of engagement.Key messages Profiling based on the levels of health engagement is important in order to plan more effective healthcare measures during epidemics.Targeted educational initiatives should take into account citizens' engagement profiles.

The present study was conducted to investigate the level of work engagement of Indonesian high school teachers of English and its relationship with their attitudes towards the use of instructional technology (IT) during the Covid-19-driven online instruction. The study employed a survey method of distributing a Google Form questionnaire and a total of 114 teachers participated in the study. It was found that the participants generally reported a high level of work engagement in their English Language teaching (ELT) profession. Though at least 93% of the participants reported their engagement in the profession in all questionnaire items, they seemed to be less sure about their level of engagement in terms of striving for excellence in the profession seen from lower "strongly agree" responses. The present study further found a statistically significant positive relationship between the participants' level of work engagement and their attitudes towards the use of IT during the pandemic-driven online instruction. Their level of engagement could predict a 21.7% variance in their attitudes towards the use of IT. Pedagogical implications include encouraging teachers to use all the experiences they obtained during the pandemic to upgrade themselves as teachers rather than totally 'going back' to the old ways of teaching before the pandemic. Future studies could investigate English teaching as a job and can be conducted qualitatively to see the extent to which teachers’ reported engagement is manifested in everyday teaching.

This preliminary study investigates the political endorsement of "internet influencers" in Taiwan during the 2024 Republic of China (ROC) Presidential Election. It aims to explore the tangible effects these endorsements might have on candidates' online public perception (or sentiment), and to uncover the primary considerations for influencers when undertaking such "political endorsement" projects: Is political conviction paramount, or does commercial interest prevail? Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research utilizes both "big data social listening" and "in-depth interviews." This dual-path methodology, integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses, provides a comprehensive understanding of the "influencer industry's" participation logic and values in significant political events in Taiwan. The research team observed three representative influencer endorsement events during the month leading up to the election. We quantitatively analyzed the changes in online sentiment and engagement surrounding these events. Simultaneously, we conducted in-depth interviews with three prominent influencer teams in Taiwan to qualitatively assess the "commercial-related" and "non-commercial-related" considerations influencing their decisions to engage in "political endorsement" projects. The findings indicate that influencers' or influencer channels' political endorsements do have a short-term positive impact on candidates' online engagement, particularly when a candidate's online presence is low. This suggests a valuable investment for underdog candidates seeking to boost their momentum. However, this positive effect is constrained by two main factors: first, whether the candidate themselves possesses influencer-like qualities, and second, the endorsing influencer's own level of online engagement. For instance, while mega-influencer Alisasa endorsed Ko Wen-je, who already commanded a high online presence, the additional boost was relatively limited. Conversely, Jaw Shaw-kang, who had a lower online presence, significantly increased his online engagement after a paid collaboration with a well-known influencer channel. The in-depth interview results reveal that influencers' motivations for political endorsements are complex, potentially involving political ideals, but more often driven by commercial considerations. Influencers will undertake "political endorsement" projects if they assess that such actions can yield financial gains and expand their market reach; otherwise, they will choose to avoid or refrain from taking a stance. During the 2024 ROC Presidential Election, the severe societal polarization and antagonism within Taiwan likely led to concerns among influencers that supporting one side could alienate half of their market. This is very possibly the primary reason why most Taiwanese influencers chose not to make political endorsements in the 2024 presidential election.

Perceived engagement is defined as the extensive use of learning management system services, features, and capabilities. In the wake of the Coronavirus disease 2019, studies show that there is an increase in user engagement level toward the learning management systems, especially among tertiary education. Perceived engagement extends the previous concept of information system usage by incorporating several dimensions: cognitive, affective, and behavioral perspectives. However, most of the research articles on user engagement are focusing on the level of the engagement, with the scarcity of research on its impacts. Thus, the aim of this study is twofold: first, to revisit and determine the level of user engagement with the learning management system. Second, to determine the relationship between the perceived engagement and perceived performance. To find the answer for the purpose of the study, a quantitative research methodology was adopted using convenience sampling. The instrument was developed by adapting and adopting previous research instruments. The instrument was expert reviewed and a pilot test was performed before the actual data collection. Data collection took two weeks involving students in one of the public universities in Malaysia. A total of 206 valid responses were received. The data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 26 for descriptive analysis and SmartPLS version 3.3.3 for inferential analysis. Findings show that the current level of user engagement in using learning management system is moderate; perceived engagement has a predictive power on perceived performance; perceived engagement has a large effect size on perceived performance; and there is a moderate level of perceived performance among respondents.

&lt;p&gt;Gamification is the application of game principals in non-game contexts (i.e. the workplace). With unsatisfactory employee engagement in New Zealand, gamification is proposed as a possible solution in this thesis. Theoretically, gamification is linked to self-determination theory which recognises that individuals have innate psychological needs (i.e. relatedness, autonomy, competence). The rewards, status, progress through gamification, potentially provides a pathway to satisfying psychological needs, which when fulfilled can foster engagement. Two research questions in relation to gamification were formulated to structure this thesis: How does gamification impact employee engagement in New Zealand? How can gamification be successfully managed within New Zealand workplaces? Considering that gamification is a relatively new concept within workplaces, the literature gained from an applied search methodology was satisfactory. Four themes and additional content were identified and communicated in relation to gamification and employee engagement. The information extracted from the review was ultimately used to validate and inform an empirical study. Methods to ensure valid research included bracketing, creating an interview schedule, a recruitment plan, and template analysis. In total, twelve in-depth qualitative interviews with employees who had some form of experience with gamification, were conducted for data collection. To ensure high levels of employee engagement there needed to be a managerial ability to eliminate gamesmanship, clarify gamified rules and purpose, and to promote employee input, otherwise engagement levels would suffer. A framework created within this thesis, the “Gamified Perception Framework”, aimed to link managerial actions which equate to both high and low levels of engagement. Employee engagement was also dependent on gamification applications pertaining to employees’ psychological needs. To have high levels of engagement there needed to be applications which satisfied specific psychological needs. If gamification applications could not cater to employees’ psychological needs, it correlated with lower engagement levels. To communicate the utility of gamified applications a framework was created. The “Gamification Application Framework” attempts to illustrate the impact of the four primary applications utilised within workplace gamification. In addition to the discovery of the two variables, a way to commonly assist in gamification structure was deemed unsatisfactory, an alternative way to generate structure was formulated, and gamified engagement was found to not be generation (age) or industry specific. The primary implication of findings was the formulation of a “Five Step Guide to Installing Gamification in New Zealand Workplaces”, aiming to assist managers with workplace gamification. The guide provides a method to answer the second research question within this thesis. The guide’s multi-step nature is a metaphor for the high amount of devotion needed to manage workplace gamification. Complex in the sense of needing to constantly assess, communicate, and implement gamification when necessary. Based on findings, gamification can both increase and decrease employee engagement within New Zealand. However, increased employee engagement would require a lot of dedication entailing a high level of professional commitment. Gamification, with serious devotion, can improve the state of employee engagement within New Zealand.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gamification is the application of game principals in non-game contexts (i.e. the workplace). With unsatisfactory employee engagement in New Zealand, gamification is proposed as a possible solution in this thesis. Theoretically, gamification is linked to self-determination theory which recognises that individuals have innate psychological needs (i.e. relatedness, autonomy, competence). The rewards, status, progress through gamification, potentially provides a pathway to satisfying psychological needs, which when fulfilled can foster engagement. Two research questions in relation to gamification were formulated to structure this thesis: How does gamification impact employee engagement in New Zealand? How can gamification be successfully managed within New Zealand workplaces? Considering that gamification is a relatively new concept within workplaces, the literature gained from an applied search methodology was satisfactory. Four themes and additional content were identified and communicated in relation to gamification and employee engagement. The information extracted from the review was ultimately used to validate and inform an empirical study. Methods to ensure valid research included bracketing, creating an interview schedule, a recruitment plan, and template analysis. In total, twelve in-depth qualitative interviews with employees who had some form of experience with gamification, were conducted for data collection. To ensure high levels of employee engagement there needed to be a managerial ability to eliminate gamesmanship, clarify gamified rules and purpose, and to promote employee input, otherwise engagement levels would suffer. A framework created within this thesis, the “Gamified Perception Framework”, aimed to link managerial actions which equate to both high and low levels of engagement. Employee engagement was also dependent on gamification applications pertaining to employees’ psychological needs. To have high levels of engagement there needed to be applications which satisfied specific psychological needs. If gamification applications could not cater to employees’ psychological needs, it correlated with lower engagement levels. To communicate the utility of gamified applications a framework was created. The “Gamification Application Framework” attempts to illustrate the impact of the four primary applications utilised within workplace gamification. In addition to the discovery of the two variables, a way to commonly assist in gamification structure was deemed unsatisfactory, an alternative way to generate structure was formulated, and gamified engagement was found to not be generation (age) or industry specific. The primary implication of findings was the formulation of a “Five Step Guide to Installing Gamification in New Zealand Workplaces”, aiming to assist managers with workplace gamification. The guide provides a method to answer the second research question within this thesis. The guide’s multi-step nature is a metaphor for the high amount of devotion needed to manage workplace gamification. Complex in the sense of needing to constantly assess, communicate, and implement gamification when necessary. Based on findings, gamification can both increase and decrease employee engagement within New Zealand. However, increased employee engagement would require a lot of dedication entailing a high level of professional commitment. Gamification, with serious devotion, can improve the state of employee engagement within New Zealand.&lt;/p&gt;

To investigate the association between physician participants' levels of engagement in a Web-based educational intervention and their patients' baseline diabetes measures. The authors conducted a randomized trial of online CME activities designed to improve diabetes care provided by family, general, and internal medicine physicians in rural areas of 11 southeastern states between September 2006 and July 2008. Using incidence rate ratios derived from negative binomial models, the relationship between physicians' engagement with the study Web site and baseline proportion of their patients having controlled diabetes (hemoglobin A1c < or = 7%) was explored. One hundred thirty-three participants (intervention = 64; control = 69) provided information for 1,637 patients with diabetes. In the intervention group, physicians in practices in the worst quartiles of A1c control were least engaged with the study Web site in nearly all dimensions. Total number of pages viewed decreased as quartile of A1c control worsened (137, 73, 68, 57; P = .007); similarly, for a given 10% increase in proportion of patients with controlled A1c, participants viewed 1.13 times more pages (95% CI: 1.02-1.26, P = .02). In the control group, engagement was neither correlated with A1c control nor different across quartiles of A1c control. Engagement in Web-based interventions is measurable and has important implications for research and education. Because physicians of patients with the greatest need for improvement in A1c control may not use online educational resources as intensely as others, other strategies may be necessary to engage these physicians in professional development activities.

This study provided insight into the level of engagement of nurse managers (NMs) and strategies used to achieve and sustain engagement in acute care settings. Nurse managers have a significant role in staff satisfaction and unit outcomes and therefore need to be engaged in their work to influence others. Little is known about the level of individual NM engagement and strategies they use to remain engaged. A mixed methods approach was used to elicit information about NM engagement. This study used a sample of 47 NMs to measure their level of engagement, and for those achieving scores indicating high levels of engagement, interviews were conducted, and a content analysis was completed to identify themes. Results showed that there were significantly higher levels of NM engagement among those managers who had been practicing as nurse leaders for a longer period and also those who had advanced degrees. Qualitative review revealed the themes of expert communication, autonomy, and influence as the key factors driving NM engagement. The role of the nurse executive in NM engagement is significant in supporting educational advancement and retention, both of which proved to have an impact on the level of engagement.

Engaging international business students in the online environment