Exploring Military Officers’ Perceptions of Their Counseling Roles in South Korea: A Q Methodology Study

Liberalists has declared that economic trade brings about political cooperation and peace between two countries through enhancing the economic benefits, promoting conversation, and removing misunderstanding. On the basis of this declaration, the policy on North Korea has been pushed ahead by the Korean government which tries to transform the relationship with North Korea from mistrust and hostility to reconciliation and cooperation. It has been twenty three years since the economic trade between South and North Korea began in January, 1989 under President Noh Taewoo which was triggered by the Declaration of July 7 and the North-South Korean Economic Relation Measure of October in 1988. The total turnover between South and North Korea was about 15.9 billion USD during the period from the beginning of January, 1989 to the end of September, 2011, out of which 13.2 billion USD is for commercial trade and 2.6 billion USD is for economic aid. However, the controversy is being aroused in South Korea about the policy on North Korea because North Korea tends to keep hostility towards South Korea through nuclear experiment, blowing up the Cheonan ship, shooting a South Korean tourist in Keumkang Mountain, and shelling of Yeonpyeong Island. It seems to the realists that the economic trade between South and North Korea brings about reinforcing the North Korean military power and weakening the security in South Korea, which results in hindering the peace in Korean Peninsular. From the point of this issue, this paper aims to analyse the effect of trade and economic aid on easing conflicts between South and North Korea empirically. The result of this study can be summarized as follows. First of all, the increase of total turnover is significantly effective on creating the cooperative relationship between South and North Korea, which means that the increase of total turnover will decrease the conflict index. Secondly, the increase of commercial trade does not significantly affect the conflict index. Thirdly, the increase of non-commercial trade is significantly effective on the conflict index, which means that the increase of non-commercial trade will bring about creating the cooperative relationship between South and North Korea. Finally, the multi-variable analysis shows that rate of change in non-commercial trade is significantly effective on the conflict index, but rate of change in commercial trade is not. To sum up the results of the empirical analysis, the increase of total turnover and/or non-commercial trade is significantly effective on creating the cooperative relationship between South and North Korea, but not in the case of the increase of commercial trade. In other words, the economic trade between South and North Korea does not necessarily reduce the conflict in Korean Peninsular. In fact, it has been happening in the real world since fifty years ago. Social welfare in North Korea should be enhanced to reduce the conflict in Korean Peninsular through the economic support and trade from South Korea. The amount of social welfare increase in North Korea should be enough to offset the amount of social welfare decrease due to the cessation of the economic support and trade. Therefore, the economic trade between South and North Korea needs to be vitalized more and more so that North Korea be economically dependent upon South Korea. Limits of this paper, which are left to be studied in the future, are as follows. First of all, it needs to be analyzed how much social welfare has been enhanced in North Korea through the economic trade between South and North Korea for the past twenty three years. Secondly, it also needs to be studied what is the level of dependence of North Korea on South Korea, and whether the economic sanction toward the North Korea of the Lee Myung-bak administration is significantly effective or not.

This study investigates the effects of combined human capital of North and South Korea on the economic adjustment of North Korean defectors. Household income and job stability are used as outcome variables. Informal economic activities in North Korea exert a significant and positive impact on economic adjustment in the South. Membership in the Workers Party and time spent in the South positively affect household income. Overall, acquired human capital from North Korea appears more important than that obtained from the South. This finding has significant policy implications.

This study examines the role of counselors in building students' social awareness so that they are not easily provoked by demonstration situations. The background of this study departs from the phenomenon of student demonstrations which often shift from a forum for expressing aspirations to a place for provocation and destructive actions. Using a literature review approach, this study highlights the contribution of counselors through individual, group, psychoeducation, and cross-party collaboration counseling services. The results of the study show that counselors have a central role in fostering empathy, solidarity, self-control, and critical thinking in students, which serve as a filter against mass provocations. Effective counselor strategies include open communication, peer counseling, and character education and social-emotional skills programs. However, there are still obstacles in the form of limited resources, lack of policy support, and student resistance to counseling interventions. Therefore, strengthening counselor capacity, institutional policy support, and integrating technology-based strategies are key to increasing the effectiveness of counseling services. This article emphasizes the urgency of optimizing the role of counselors in building students' social awareness, in order to create an educational environment that is safer, more inclusive, and resilient to provocation

Sexual violence is a case of violence that still occurs in Indonesia, even Sukoharjo Regency. This phenomenon is of particular concern to government agencies, namely DPPKBP3A Sukoharjo Regency. This government institution has a counselor who is required to be able to meet the current needs of society. Namely in the process of assisting victims of sexual violence. This is because sexual violence that occurs on children will have a negative impact. Children who experience sexual violence will be psychologically disturbed and can disrupt their growth and development process. The role of the counselor here is very important, not only in psychological assistance but also in his role during the counseling process and carrying out the functions of a counselor. The focus of this research is the role of counselors in dealing with traumatic victims of sexual violence. The conclusion of this research is that the role of counselors is very important in treating traumatic victims of sexual violence. The programs provided by DPPKBP3A Sukoharjo Regency are very helpful in treating victims of sexual violence. Inhibiting factors and clouding factors are obstacles and opportunities in assisting the treatment of victims of sexual violence.

Experienced Military Officer's Perception of Important Character Strengths

[Purpose] This study aims to compare and analyze the internationalization of secondary education in Korea and China from four perspectives—policy, students and teachers, curriculum, and infrastructure—and to propose directions for the future development of secondary education internationalization in Korea. [Methods] To achieve the research objectives, this study employed a mixed qualitative approach, including a literature review, comparative case analysis, and in-depth interviews. Four secondary schools located in the metropolitan areas of both countries were selected as case sites. In-depth interviews with experts in international education and exchange were conducted between September 1 and October 29, 2025. [Results] In terms of internationalization policy, China promotes internationalization in a systematic manner under strong national leadership, whereas in Korea, policies are primarily driven by metropolitan and provincial offices of education. Regarding the internationalization of students and teachers, both countries seek to enhance global competencies; however, limitations persist in professional expertise, linguistic diversity, and institutional support. In the area of curriculum internationalization, China operates under nationally and provincially guided coordination and regulation, while Korea adopts a decentralized approach based on school-level autonomy and diversity. Concerning infrastructure internationalization, China has established foundational infrastructure in advance through coordinated collaboration among national, local, and school levels, whereas Korea tends to rely on school-centered infrastructure development. [Conclusion] From the perspective of internationalization policy, South Korea needs greater consistency in policy formulation. In developing national internationalization policies and strategies, the responsible ministries should engage in close communication and collaboration with experts to establish a coherent and forward-looking institutional framework. In addition, internationalized curricula at the school level should be designed in accordance with national human resource development goals, with a clear emphasis on fostering students’ global competencies. Furthermore, both the central and local governments should provide institutional and financial support to strengthen the global competencies of teachers and students, and the development of infrastructure to promote internationalization should be prioritized as a foundational condition.

This study was conducted to examine the counseling experiences of professional counselors who participated in the Family Psychological Support Project conducted by the Gyeonggi Branch of the Korea Legal Protection and Welfare Corporation from 2022 to 2023, and to explore improvements and complementary points of the project from the perspective of professional counselors. The study was conducted among six counselors, five of whom were affiliated with Gyeonggi National University, and aimed to help provide more suitable and efficient programs and practical institutional support for criminal offenders and their families. The research method used a phenomenological research method that can reflectively analyze participants' experiences in terms of structure and subjectivity, and in the data analysis, iterative comparative analysis was applied to deeply explore the inner experience and define the meaning of a total of 633 consultations in 28 cases from 2022 to 2023. As a result of the research analysis, 57 semantic units were derived, which were grouped into 12 components, which were further categorized into 5 categories. Category 1. 'Feelings before participating in counseling' consisted of two components, 'Worry and curiosity about clients with special needs' and 'Challenging new types of clients', with three and two semantic units, respectively. Category 2. 'Difficulties and obstacles' consisted of four components: 'Limitations faced in the counseling process', 'Clients' insincere attitude to participate in counseling', 'Lack of family cooperation and support', and 'Difficulties due to the situation faced by the client', with seven, three, five, and three meaning units respectively. Category 3. 'Emotions felt while participating in the project' consisted of three components: 'Emotions felt in the counseling scene', 'Gratitude and regret for institutional support', and 'Activeness of support from the industrial complex', with 9, 2, and 4 meaning units, respectively. Category 4. 'Positive outcomes' consisted of two components, 'Positive changes in clients through counseling' and 'Capacity enhancement of counselors', with 7 and 3 meaning units, respectively. Category 5. 'Effective improvement direction of business' is 'business and counseling support area', which has a total of 1 component and 7 meaning units. Based on these findings, we discussed the improvements and deficiencies of the Family Psychological Support Project and made recommendations to provide more suitable and efficient programmes and practical institutional support for criminal offenders and their families.

The positive influence of institutional supports from social networks on psychological well-being of immigrants is extensively acknowledged in the literature. However, immigration experiences outside the Western societies are underexplored. Using data from the 2012 Korean National Survey for Multicultural Family, I examine how institutional supports for cross-border marriage migration shape life satisfaction among female marriage migrants in South Korea. Findings reveal that levels of life satisfaction among marriage migrants married via commercially arranged marriage agencies are lower than those of female marriage migrants using interpersonal networks from kinship and friends/colleagues. Religion-motivated marriage migrants show lower levels of life satisfaction. In addition, the impacts of institutional supports on life satisfaction are mediated by marriage duration and language proficiency, indicating higher levels of satisfaction are associated with shorter marriage duration and better language proficiency; however, the impacts vary by institutional supports.

ImportanceThe role of artificial intelligence (AI) within medicine has increased exponentially over the last decade. However, adoption across medical specialties remains variable, influenced by institutional support, availability of tools, and concerns about accuracy, privacy, and legal liability. Addressing these barriers is necessary to achieving the full clinical capacity of AI.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore current AI usage patterns among pediatric otolaryngologists and highlight perceived benefits and barriers to adoption.DesignCross-sectional survey design.SettingAll aspects of the present study were conducted remotely, with the survey link being distributed within a private group chat.ParticipantsParticipants were recruited via an international pediatric otolaryngology WhatsApp group chat. Admission is through invitation only.Intervention or ExposuresThe survey sought to characterize a variety of themes regarding AI, including utilization patterns, attitudes, motivational factors and barriers to adoption, and extent of institutional support.Main Outcome MeasuresResponses were evaluated using chi-squared tests and descriptive statistics.ResultsSurvey responses were analyzed from 50 individuals, reflecting a response rate of 15.2%. More than half of survey respondents (60.9%, n = 28/46) use AI in practice, relying on tools like ChatGPT, iScribe, and Gemini to improve workplace efficiency (71.4%, n = 20/28) and address administrative burdens (64.2%, n = 18/28). Despite current adoption of AI, participants identified a lack of institutional guidelines (66.7%, n = 30/45) and support (54.3%, n = 25/47) as major barriers to widespread integration across the subspecialty. No statistically-significant association was found between age and likelihood of AI adoption (P = .095) nor was between geographic region and likelihood of AI adoption (P = .505).ConclusionsPediatric otolaryngologists are interested in and enthusiastic about AI tools. This study highlights prominent institutional and educational gaps, limiting widespread integration.RelevanceThe findings guide future efforts to support AI adoption in pediatric otolaryngology through tailored training, policy, and institutional support.

It takes a deeply committed instructor to embrace learning-centred teaching especially in non-Western higher education institutions (HEIs). However, with strong institutional support, as illustrated at the National University of Singapore (NUS) throughout this book, it is achievable. Institutional infrastructure and support differentiate isolated and more pervasive learning-centred teaching adoption. This chapter explores how HEIs can support or inhibit the transition to learning-centred teaching. Successful learning-centred teaching adoption characteristics include an institutional culture that values excellent teaching; with strong leadership and the political will to value learning-centred teaching, stakeholders’ trust, readiness for change, dedicated resources for teaching, faculty disposition towards training, faculty bandwidth to innovate from development to ongoing teaching, and advancement opportunities for innovative and effective teaching. Supportive culture and policies should prioritise education on par with research. Administrators should accept incremental transitions and understand that initial implementations might be bumpy. We describe examples of how NUS, a research-intensive university, provided institutional support for learning-centred teaching adoption and discuss challenges that NUS faculty encountered. Strong institutional support, especially when reinforced by evidence that learning-centred teaching enhances learning and student success, should foster widespread learning-centred teaching adoption. It can be a vehicle for institutions striving to distinguish themselves.

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation.1 Conventional methods for monitoring for CAV detect CAV after it has developed, which may be too late to modify its course. Endothelial dysfunction and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) assessed soon after transplantation have both been shown in separate studies to predict development of CAV and long-term adverse outcome.2,3 The purpose of this study (URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01078363) is to quantify the combined impact of early endothelial dysfunction and elevated microvascular resistance as a marker of subsequent development of CAV at 1 year after cardiac transplantation. Forty-four heart transplant recipients underwent intracoronary acetylcholine injection (50–100 µg over 30 seconds), coronary physiology assessment, and volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis performed in the left anterior descending coronary artery within 8 weeks after transplantation (baseline) and at 1 year. Endothelial dysfunction was defined as ≥20% change in diameter of the left anterior descending coronary artery as measured by quantitative angiography after acetylcholine and in comparison with baseline angiography.2 Elevated microvascular resistance was defined as an IMR≥20.3 IMR was assessed with a coronary pressure/thermistor-tipped wire …

The article is devoted to the problems of improving the institutional support of the state regulatory policy in the aspect of strengthening the security of strategically important enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law. It is proved that in times of war, the problem of identification of strategically important enterprises and formation of institutional support for their security at the state level is of particular relevance and requires the development of effective forms of implementation of the state regulatory policy in this area. A constructive analysis of the current legislation and scientific approaches to the definition of the category of "strategically important enterprises" was carried out, and an author's definition was proposed, which, unlike the existing ones, focuses on the qualitative characteristics of business entities that should be classified as strategically important. It is substantiated that the basis for the development of effective forms of implementation of state regulatory policy in the direction of ensuring the security of strategically important enterprises is the presence of an effective institutional environment. From the standpoint of the institutional approach, the conceptual foundations of institutional support of state regulatory policy are deepened. It was established that the institutional environment for ensuring the security of strategically important enterprises in Ukraine is underdeveloped. The author identifies the need to improve the current legislation, to form an effective institutional and organizational support and to cluster the national economy on the basis of strategically important enterprises with the possibility of forming integrated corporate structures as the basis for the formation of effective forms of implementation of the state regulatory policy to support and strengthen the security of strategically important enterprises.

The article examines the issues of formation and implementation of regional investment policy. It is indicated that Ukraine is in the midst of a full-scale war, which has led to the destabilization of the socioeconomic situation in the country, caused significant war risks, accordingly, reduced domestic investment activity several times and led to the limitation of external, especially direct foreign, investment. The Lviv region, although it belongs to the rear regions, but its economy has faced similar challenges and threats to the full extent. It is proved that in the regional policy system of forming a high-quality and safe investment environment, the leading place is occupied by its institutional support. Therefore, the aim of this publication is to substantiate the ways and means of improving the institutional support of the regional investment policy in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction. It is argued that the study of the institutional architecture of the region's investment policy involves the analysis of the formation and development of its individual components. Among them there is not only the classic system of the type of "institutions (regulators, other participants) - formal institutions (norms, rules, laws, restrictions) - informal institutions (norms of behavior, customs, informal agreements)", but there are also other specific determinants, taking into account the regional specificity of the problem. The system of institutional and organizational support for the formation and implementation of the investment policy of the Lviv region is defined and presented. The leading tasks to be implemented by the system of institutional support of the regional investment policy are indicated, namely, the development of the infrastructure supporting entrepreneurship, clusters, industrial parks, promoting the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the region, increasing investment attractiveness and international promotion of the region, bringing the training system closer to the needs of the regional economy, increasing the efficiency and accountability of public investment.

Scholars and policymakers contend that severe work-family constraints for women are a key contributor to lowest-low fertility in industrialized countries. Two separate areas of research have examined supports that could alleviate these constraints and potentially increase fertility: institutional support in the form of public policies and domestic labor support from male partners. There are few studies considering the influence of both policy and domestic labor supports and no investigations of the interplay between these two support mechanisms. We develop and test a theoretical framework that considers how the combination of these supports could alleviate women’s work-family constraints and increase fertility. Using the case of South Korea, a country with one of the most sustained lowest-low fertility rates in history, we examined the relationship between women’s eligibility for parental leave and husbands’ share of domestic labor and the transition to a second birth. Our analyses revealed that both supports, independently, had positive effects on the likelihood of a second birth. More importantly, we found that husbands’ domestic labor had a positive influence on fertility only when women’s access to parental leave was limited, suggesting that policy and domestic labor supports are substitutes and alleviate the same underlying work-family constraint in the Korean context. Our study underscores the importance of understanding the nature of work-family conflict across countries and how various supports―alone or in combination―could relieve women’s constraints on childbearing and upturn lowest-low fertility.

Purpose - First, this study contextually examines the governance codes of South Africa and South Korea. Second, it analyzes board features of South African (JSE) Mainboard and South Korean (KRX) KOSPI-listed companies. Design/methodology - This review is qualitative and uses data from the annual reports of the selected markets’ companies, respective exchanges’ official web sites and corporate governance-related web sites in order to examine the corporate governance practices in the two markets. In addition, Nvivo is employed in analyzing the content of the corporate governance codes of the selected countries. Findings - Our analysis indicates that the corporate governance codes of the two countries are evolving to keep up with the international trend of principles-based approach. The composition of the board of directors (BODs) of non-financial companies of both South Africa and South Korea shows no significant variation between the companies with regards to the executive (inside) and nonexecutive (outside) directors. On the contrary, there is a significant variation between South African and South Korean listed companies with respect to diversity. Originality/value - While previous studies are centered on the impact of governance codes on performance, this study intends to contextually evaluate the codes and features of South Africa and South Korea listed companies. This is essential and timely for regulators and policy makers given the importance of corporate governance features such as board independence and diversity in recent times.