Exploring Language Trends in Romanian Local Online Mass Media

The French local weekiy press has not been investigated as much as the great national or regional dailies. Nevertheless, the French weekly press is important: 250 titles, 3 million newpapers, for an estimated readership of 15 million. A cartographic analysis shows the places where the weekly local press is most present: isolated and rural areas (south of the Massif Central), rural parts of industrial regions in the north of France. In some places, the weekly local press is the most widely read (sometimes by more than 80 % of the inhabitants). Conversely, there is no weekly regional press in some regions : Champagne, Lorraine. It is possible to assume that the areas covered by such papers shows some geographical cohesion. However, the analysis of Haute Normandie (the French region where the density of weeklies is one of the most important) shows a more complex reality. The local newpapers' diffusion areas often correspond with well-identified sub-regional units. But they are not very present in the places which have undergone significant demographic changes, like the suburban areas. In a context of globalisation, the weekly regional press may appear anachronistic, but the increasing number of titles in France shows that the weekly regional press has become an important element of local Systems in France. A real local development implies local democracy, and there is no democracy if citizens do not have a plurality of sources of information.

This work serves as a theoretical and practical guide for journalists interested in cultural journalism’ssophisticated genres. With culture pages in daily newspapers and online platforms dwindling,often replaced by basic PR news from publishers or authors, mastering these complex texts candiversify media content. Such diversity not only informs but also educates readers, expandingtheir cultural horizons. The decline of cultural articles in Romanian local and regional journalismis due to journalists’ unfamiliarity with these texts and a reluctance to engage with complex, lessfinancially rewarding subjects. The financial crisis in Romanian media reduced newsroom staff,making cultural journalism the first to suffer from space limitations and fewer writers. Consequently,the focus shifted to general local and political news. This study explores the challenges facedby Romanian local and regional press in producing intricate cultural journalism, often authoredby individuals with non-literary backgrounds – such as engineers and teachers who write as ahobby. It examines the structure and genres of these texts, providing guidance for their creation.Focusing on local publications in Arad, the study highlights issues like limited funding, small editorialteams, and a preference for simpler news over in-depth cultural coverage. This paper explores thetreatment of cultural journalism genres in the local and regional press in Romania, a trend observableacross several European countries. These insights provide valuable guidance for aspiring journalistsinterested in pursuing cultural journalism. The research primarily employed content analysis, focusingon three selected local and regional publications: Jurnal arădean (the sole print publication inArad), Special Arad, and Critic Arad, all of which are available online. To ensure comprehensivefindings, over 3,000 cultural articles published between September 2017 and July 2024 wereexamined. Each article was analyzed to identify key journalistic characteristics and to assess thepresence of cultural journalism elements through discursive analysis. A comparative approachwas applied to determine how these genres are represented in both print and digital formats.The findings revealed a preference for shorter cultural texts, such as brief news pieces, articleswith quotes, reports, interviews, portraits, book and theatre reviews, with more in-depth contentbeing less frequently featured. We believe that examining the local and regional press in Arad, aprominent city in western Romania, sheds light on the overall condition of the Romanian local press.

The article analyzes the functioning of printed mass media – local periodicals, regional press, and all-Ukrainian newspapers and magazines during the first period of full-scale Russian invasion. Three groups of periodicals are distinguished. Local publications that have stopped publishing and stopped media business for an indefinite period of time. Newspapers that temporarily closed their activities changed the location of the editorial office and resumed publication in an online format in a relatively short period of time. Accordingly, the media preserved and established the communication with the audience. Periodicals with a place of permanent deployment in the territory under the control of the Ukrainian state reoriented themselves in accordance with the conditions of wartime, promptly reacted to the increase in the cost of paper, the disruption of logistical connections, to challenges related to the acquisition of components and consumable printing materials, etc. The sudden and almost total cessation of income from advertising products have become a challenge for periodicals. The local press and publications at the regional and all-Ukrainian levels reoriented informational content on military topics, in the first issues they chose a depressing angle for its coverage. The content of the printed editions underwent drastic changes from the third or fourth issue of the newspaper and magazine, and the topics of the speeches expanded significantly. The content and information have become informative, analytical and other saturation of publications again dominated the periodicals about heroic resistance and the encouraging course of events in the main theater of military operations. In the first year of the war, most Ukrainian periodicals held their own in the information market, adapted to its challenges and continue providing society with balanced, verified, reliable information about the situation in the country and at the front. The stability of editorial teams during the war turned out to be higher than the expectations of the expert media environment.

The local press has always played a central role in the Portuguese society. Recently, new innovative technological projects to develop mobile applications and focus on local journalism in Portugal have emerged. These initiatives allow the development of better and more appealing services for local users. However, due to the important social role of the local press, this also brings along some responsibilities. Our main research goal is to study the accessibility issues in local journalism in Portugal. To this end, we first describe the current situation of local journalism in Portugal and some accessibility issues raised by the appearance of mobile applications. We then develop a simple checklist that allows the assessment of whether these applications have prevented social exclusion and facilitated the access of local information to a wide range of users, including disabled citizens. This tool provides the regional news publisher with information to improve its democratization of access to local information in Portugal. Using the cognitive walkthrough method, we illustrate the proposed framework by presenting case studies of five mobile applications in Portuguese local and regional press. This study concludes that despite the great potential that mobile applications showcase, several accessibility issues have not been properly addressed.

Nowadays, democracy discussions including a variety of different approaches are made due to the impact of globalization. In this respect, local press comes to the fore as a significant element in the development of participatory citizenship and democracy values from the periphery to the center in a way to reflect differences. This research aims at examining the relationship amongst democracy, citizenship and local press using the local media Boulder, a city in Colorado state of the USA, as a case study. The study is composed of two parts. In the first part, we are going to discuss theoretical frameworks that will help us to better understand the concept of democracy and citizenship, the impact and importance of participatory citizenship on democracy and democratization. The second part includes the historical development of Boulder city and Colorado state. Their sociological and economic features in order to understand the local background of the geography in which the newspaper we examine in our case study are located. The significance of local media and press in Boulder for the state in general and its historical development are analyzed also including examples including the flow of information rendering the participation of citizens possible. In this respect, the importance of local press for the participation of citizens and its impact on democratization are examined.

This study aims to analyze language errors in high school students' essays by describing Indonesian language usage errors in students' writing class. XII IPA, causes of errors and efforts made by teachers and students to minimize language. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach equipped with content analysis techniques. Data The data was obtained from the essays of students from classes XII IPA 1, XII IPA 2, and XII IPA 3 at SMA Negeri 10 Pinrang. The sampling technique applied in this research is non-probability sampling or purposive sampling. For data collection, we used in-depth interview method and document analysis. In analyzing data, we adopted an interactive analysis model involving 4 main components: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results showed that first, the errors were categorized into four types, namely: Spelling errors, inappropriate word choice (diction), errors in sentence structure, and errors in paragraph preparation. Furthermore, the inadequate mastery of language in students, several factors warrant consideration, including the absence of examples provided by the teacher, influence of foreign languages, and the limited opportunities, time available for written. The implication of this study is that Indonesian language teachers need to pay more attention to students' language errors and providing constructive.

The purpose of this study is to describe the errors of diction using of functuation, and syntaxtic structure; miss application of spelling and punctuation; and sentence structure errors in the narrative essay sixth grade students Bangsri 01 Elementary School Karangpandan Karanganyar at 2014/2015 academic year. This study is a qualitative descriptive study included in the study of language with a fixed strategy case study. Data collection techniques in this study using the technique see and record. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling or sampling aims. Data analysis techniques in this study followed the concept of Miles and Huberman consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Results contained errors of language in narrative essay on the choice of words / diction, spelling mistakes and errors in sentence structure. Mistakes in the form of errors in the use of words or diction choice found as many as 18 words wrong or less precise in his choice of words. Spelling mistakes in the form contained 52 errors and 31 errors in sentence structure. It can be concluded that most errors are errors in spelling then errors in sentence structure, and the latter is a mistake in the choice of words used or diction. The teacher of sixth grade Bangsri 01 Elementary School Karangpandan Karanganyar in Indonesian language learning more attention to the spelling of enhanced materials and add more knowledge of students about problems correct sentence structure. Keywords: Error of language use, Narrative essay, Sixth grade students

In learning and teaching activities, textbook is one of the important elements that play a role in improving the quality of learning in the classroom. Therefore, textbook content analysis also needs to be carried out to avoid errors in the transfer of knowledge to students. This research aims to determine the types of language errors in Arabic textbook for Middle School Grade 2 at Thamavitya Mulniti School of Thailand. This type of research is library research using descriptive methods and a qualitative approach. The results of the analysis of this textbook were that three types of language errors were found, namely 70% of syntax errors, 10% of writing errors and 20% of morphological errors. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the most common language errors found in this textbook are syntax errors and then morphology errors. Meanwhile, the fewest language errors is writing errors. This research is only limited to analyzing language errors in the aspects of syntax, morphology and writing. It is hoped that further research can explore other linguistic aspects in this textbook. The implication of this research is as information for teachers who want to use this textbook as teaching material for learning Arabic in the classroom. The researcher hopes that this research can become a reference for future researchers who want to raise themes relevant to this research.

Studies into the content of the local and regional press expand our knowledge about the life of local communities. The author limits herself to studying the narrow issue of women’s sporting interests, whereby she analyzes their active (as athletes and trainers) and passive (administering various sports, as fans) participation in amateur and professional sport. The paper also indicates which factors are decisive for the domination of a given sport in a region and considers to what extent the picture presented is true, reflects reality and exhausts all aspects of women’s interest in sport. The way in which press materials are presented is also interesting and confirms the observation that local and regional media have become tabloidized to a greater or lesser degree (depending on the type of periodical). The qualitative study has shown that women’s need to practice sport is not only an expression of their emancipation, a development of their skills, and a desire to break records, but at present it has primarily become a way of living a ‘healthy life’. The local and regional press fulfill two roles in this regard: they provide a wider presentation of professional and amateur sport and, to a lesser degree, persuade their readers to practice sport themselves (propagating a ‘healthy lifestyle’ accounts for an average of two articles out of eighteen qualified as ‘sport articles’). The research field encompassed a wide range of female sporting passions, while the examples discussed confirm that women live active lives.

This chapter considers the definitions, meanings and values generally associated with the provincial, local and regional press. It covers aspects of the growth of this media through the nineteenth century, featuring key spatial, chronological and thematic trends, as well as an analysis of the key causal factors and forces that brought about expansion and diversification. It pays particular attention to the newspaper as an agent, and the various modes of identity construction and place formation which such newspapers engaged in. This agency included the marking out of geographical catchments, the shaping of political spheres of influence, the fostering of business networks, the reporting on institutions and organisations, and the cultivation of local cultural provision. In addition, this section considers regional news discourse, both the critical as well as the evolving place-promotional ‘boosterist’ language much associated with regional press editorials. The chapter ranges broadly in its coverage of the provincial press, incorporating city and county publications, the district newspapers of major cities, and the ‘national’ press of Scotland, Ireland and Wales, highlighting what was to be found in common, as well as that which was distinctive and particular.

The print crisis – caused, it seems, by the digitization and transformation of digital media – is one of the problems of contemporary journalism. For this reason, over the past three years, the circulation of the printed press in Ukraine has sharply decreased (by 3 million copies, ie 27%). The most difficult situation is that of local media, which since 2016 have gradually been transformed into private ownership by the authorities. The delayed reform has led to a situation where publishing houses with no experience in business are going through a serious recession: some have already closed, some have barely survived under modern market conditions. The convergence of the media carries the risk of marginalization of smaller publishers and, consequently, of their recipients, whose voices will not be heard. This is already the case with the central press, as the most powerful print media belong to the largest companies: Star Light Media, UMH Group, Inter Media Group, 1 + 1 Media and Media Group Ukraine, whose owners are involved in Ukrainian politics. On the other hand, support for the local independent press is refused. Ukraine can follow the path of many other European countries following the „circular spiral” theory. According to her, the highest circulation newspapers receive more advertising funds and subscriptions, while smaller titles receive state aid in order to maintain pluralism of thought, prevent the disappearance of small publications and avoid excessive media concentration. This project was developed in 2016, but it was not approved by the government as it maintained the news-papers' dependence on public authorities and a corrupt model of fund distribution. The situation of uncertainty is beneficial for the authorities as it allows publishers to be influenced, especially during elections. During a financial recession, publishing houses easily succumb to politicians' suggestions and make abuses consisting in releasing materials designed to support their image. Media researchers recorded 28.1% of such publications in the regional press. The media sector is also negatively affected by the steady increase in the postal tariff for delivering the press and the reduction of Ukrposzta's stationary branches, which are also in the financial recession. Another problem is the lack of regulation on the status of electronic media, which is often involved in piracy of intellectual property, which negatively affects the print media. Young and middle-aged audiences are seldom readers of newspapers, so they need to transform their content into online material. The press is looking for additional channels, attracting readers' attention on the Internet, using websites, social networks, video hosts, various convergence models, various technologies. Central media – as opposed to smaller, regional ones – quickly adapted to the prevailing trends. More than half of the local media still doesn’t have a website. Due to the low tabloidization of printed media, it is of little use to create popular news channels such as infotainment. Only in isolated cases do publishers make an effort to shift from traditional information to communicating with readers, and editors try to use crowdsourcing and croudfunding models to generate content and raise funds to support and develop new ideas. Since 2017, the Local Media Support Agency has been teaching how to create modern content and profit on advertisements - the result is 23 agency websites with 1,307,000 users and 6,200,000 views (2018). Despite the crisis, the need for information has not diminished, so time will show the format in which the Ukrainian press will exist. It is possible that – as in Poland – it will be primarily an online newspaper.

This study aims to describe syntactic level errors in the essays of seventh grade students of SMP PGRI 1 Kediri in the use of sentences. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The study in this research was conducted in depth and in detail to obtain a clear description of the errors in the use of sentences in the syntactic level in students' essay writing. In this study, data were collected through reading, recording, and interviewing teachers and students. The data collection procedure consists of the preparation stage, data collection, data analysis, and presentation of data analysis results. Data analysis techniques include identification, categorization, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study show that students make writing errors in sentence structure which includes four aspects. Based on the findings, it proves that the factors causing language errors in students' essays are due to less attention to the use of grammar in writing, the lack of vocabulary owned by students, and teachers pay less attention and provide sentence writing exercises.

This study funded by the Printing and Publishing Training Board from 1975–77 examined factors affecting the management of technological change in three newspaper companies from the United Kingdom regional and local press. In terms of ownership the companies ranged from a small privately owned firm; a small company which was part of a conglomerate group; to a large newspaper house again group owned. In all three cases the companies were engaged in making a change from a conventional hot metal system to one which used photographic techniques in the composition of a newspaper.

The article analyzes the research of Georgy Vyatkin’s text corpus: critical and scientific materials published during Vyatkin’s lifetime and after his rehabilitation. The aim is to identify gaps in the history of the study of his literary heritage. The main method is a comparative analysis of studies of his texts from the point of view of the localization of research schools. In addition to separating the research into two periods, I determined the main regions and cities of investigations. This geography is linked to his biography. The novelty of this study lies in the identification of centers for the study of Vyatkin’s works. This is due to the fact that Vyatkin primarily published his works in the local press. For the majority of regional researchers, this is decisive in choosing the object of study. I found out that most of the researchers are in Omsk, Tomsk, Altai and Novosibirsk. The criticism and reviews in the local press are marks of the first period. Basically, these were Vyatkin’s colleagues – writers, editors of publications. In the first period, no scientific approach to Vyatkin’s texts is observed. The second one is more related to science. There were studies of translations, poetry and, to a lesser degree, regional journalism. Vyatkin’s journalism has a great variety of genres. This part of his texts has not been fully studied. Here one can identify the scientific schools that studied the translations of Vyatkin, his poetry. His journalism was studied less, mostly reviewed as part of the study of the local press of the early 20th century, in some cases, as texts by a contemporary of recognized writers R. Rolland, F. Dostoevsky, I. Bunin, about whom Vyatkin wrote in his articles. Vyatkin’s journalism is very diverse, he published reviews, essays, reports, sketches. This part of his texts has not been fully studied. This article contains all the studies of Vyatkin’s texts published in the press of the early 20th – early 21st centuries. The main hypothesis is the following: we do not know all Vyatkin’s texts because his archive was lost. I have found about 900 texts, 350 of them are prose. Some of them are not included in the collection of his works. Researchers have not seen or studied these texts. At the moment, 62 publications with which he collaborated are known. Vyatkin’s texts are scattered among these archives. The study of Vyatkin’s works should be continued in order to understand how the regional press developed. This is the way to understand the history of the evolution of the regional press.

The Vuelta Ciclista a España is one of cycling’s three grand tours, alongside the Tour de France and the Giro d’Italia. As a yearly sports mega-event, broadcast all over the world, the Vuelta is a relevant object of study. Nonetheless, from a scholarly perspective it remains mostly unexplored and unbroken ground for public relations research in particular. This article analyses the changes in the Vuelta’s communication strategy and media relations since the French multinational company Amaury Sport Organization’s (ASO) takeover of Unipublic (the Vuelta’s organizer) in 2008. The analysis has been carried out on the basis of an extensive review of the academic and non-academic literature regarding the object of study and of in depth interviews with Unipublic’s CEO and press officer. The main conclusion of this research is that the new ASO management has focused on strengthening both the global dimension of the race (by means of expanding its global TV viewership) and its relations with the Spanish regional and local press. This move has meant that Unipublic has aligned with the Tour de France model of relations with the local media, aimed at increasing the visibility of the race throughout the year and not just during the event’s celebration, and at increasing the crowds attending live on the roadsides.