Exploring Agrivoltaics: A Pathway to Climate-Resilient and Productive Land Use in Northern Bangladesh.

Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. With a total population of around 165 million, the country has constantly been facing food security challenges and other problems. Therefore, increasing food production is one of the feasible solutions to this challenge, and proper agricultural land use for food production bears critical importance. Adopting sustainable irrigation systems and viable technologies would be vital for ensuring efficient use of agricultural land in Bangladesh to safeguard the country's food security. Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) can be a reliable option in this regard. However, Bangladesh has experienced a prolonged growth rate of SIP installation in the last decade. The countryhas set a target to install 10000 SIPs by the year 2027, albeit it is a tiny share of the 1.57 million conventional irrigation pumps operating in the country. This study aims to investigate the economic feasibility of the SIPs operating in the northern region of Bangladesh in terms of estimating financial feasibility and environmental benefits. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from the users of SIPs from two Upazilas of Dinajpur and Rangpur districts. A total of 14 SIPs, categorized into large, medium, and small pumps, are selected randomly from the available SIPs in the study areas. The financial analysis reveals that small SIPs are the most profitable option (20% IRR) for investment. Large SIPs are moderately profitable (10% IRR), and their profitability can be improved (10.50% IRR) by introducing additional uses of solar energy. However, medium SIPs are the worst (5% IRR) option for investment. In the study areas, large and medium SIPs are designed for the 'fees for service model', and small SIPs are designed for the 'fees for ownership model'. It is found that the 'fees for ownership model' is more profitable than the 'fees for service model'. Moreover, the net environmental benefit for all SIPs is found almost equal to the given subsidy for installing them. Also, the net environmental benefit per kilowatt peak (kWp) is highest for the small SIPs. This paper recommends that additional use (e.g., husking, grinding, supply excess electricity to grid, and so on) of solar energy can improve the profitability of investmenton SIPs. Further, the government should continue giving grants for installing SIPs and promote 'fees for ownership model' (small SIPs) for personal use. It would speed up the dissemination rate of SIPs and help increase the country's agricultural production and improve the environmental conditions.

Bangladesh is an agrarian country trying to feed an increasing population with gradually diminishing cultivable land. Majority of the population in Bangladesh depends directly or indirectly on agriculture. The agriculture of Bangladesh is capable of producing different types of crops all around the year. However, crop-wise nutritional value is different from crop to crop. As the amount of cultivable land is a major issue for crop cultivation, required domestic production is very much dependent on the optimum use of these lands. Every year, Bangladesh is to import and export various agricultural products to respond to additional demand and surplus production. The presence of strategies to maintain optimum use of land for each crop based on the domestic demand and export-import policies would stabilize the production system in Bangladesh. Cost of production and fair farm gate price of agricultural produce are two most important aspects related to the smooth marketing of the agricultural products, which also have significant impact on the production of a certain crop in successive years. As there is no alternative technique other than placing pressure on the scarce arable land of Bangladesh to ensure food security for its 168.96 million people, only a better planning for agricultural lands by expected crops may help solve the problem. The main objective of this research is to optimize the amount of land for each type of crop, especially for the rabi season, in order to maximize the farm-gate price and minimize the cost of production to help policy makers for devising better policy to ensure food security of the country. With the help of sophisticated statistical techniques this research suggests some alternative scenarios of optimum use of arable land by crops in rabi season that will enable the government to device appropriate strategies and incentive plans.

Currently coal companies, especially in South Kalimantan, have not yet been or only slightly entered the post-mining stage, although part of the mining blocks have been totally exploited, so that the company should have been preparing for the development of other sectors (non-mining). It shows that optimization of coal resources from exploration, mining to post-mining land use is necessary to ensure sustainable mining and sustainable development in terms of meeting the conservation aspect. To meet all aspects of conservation, the achievement of optimization in a series of mining business activities is started from the potential optimization of the coal remain resources until the optimization of post-mining land use is absolutely required. This research has analyzed several alternative sectors outside mining, which will be selected for optimization of utilization or post-mining land use, including plantation, recreation, industry and conservation sectors. The analyzing process used several parameters to assess the selected sectors including rainfall, slope and land use. Therefore, this study uses an approach of GIS-based methods (knowledge-driven), mainly fuzzy logic for post-mining land use planning. The selected mining area for this study belongs to PT. Adaro Indonesia company that has a Work Agreement for Coal Mining Exploitation. The result shows the suitability of plantation for the optimization of land use in all mining sites and also for conservation areas or protected forests.

Currently coal companies, especially in South Kalimantan, have not been yet or only slightly entered the post-mining stage, although part of the mining blocks have been totally exploited, so that the company should have been preparing for the development of other sectors (non-mining). It shows that optimization of coal resources from exploration, mining to post-mining land use is necessary to ensure sustainable mining and sustainable development in terms of meeting the conservation aspect. To meet all aspects of conservation, the achievement of optimization in a series of mining business activities is started from the potential optimization of the potential of the coal remain resources until the optimization of post-mining land use is absolutely required. This research has analyzed several alternative sectors outside mining, which will be selected for optimization of utilization or post-mining land use, including plantation, recreation, industry and conservation sectors. The analyzing process used several parameters to assess the selected sector including rainfall, slope and land use. Therefore, this study uses an approach of GIS-based methods (knowledge-driven), mainly fuzzy logic for post-mining land use planning. The selected mining area for this study belongs to PT. Wahana Baratama Mining company that has a Work Agreement for Coal Mining Exploitation. The result shows the suitability of plantation for the optimization of land use in all mining sites and also for conservation areas or protected forests. Keywords: Optimization, Land use, Post-mining, Fuzzy logic.

Optimal rural land use allocation in central China: Linking the effect of spatiotemporal patterns and policy interventions

This paper examines the consequences of a flood disaster on rural women in northern Bangladesh. Based on fieldwork. it is argued that floods affect rural women more adversely than rural men. Floods destroy the household resources undermining the economic well-being of rural women. Researchers and authorities in charge of rehabilitation have not paid enough attention to the uneven impact of flood disasters on gender groups. Women are rarely involved in the decision-making process regarding disaster response. The lack of participation of women in particular and the local community in general in the planning and execution of counterdisaster plans insure that such issues are not noticed. Bureaucratic disaster respondents to he short term in its scope and fails to link disaster response and rehabilitation with development activities. Various nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) operating in the rural Bangladesh seem to have closer ties with the local community and a better understanding of the linkage between rehabilitation and development. However, because of the limited scope of their operations and constraints of resources, the influence of these NGOs are not sustainable. The rural women cope on their own. The status quo ante is achieved, a continuation of impoverished existence which makes them vulnerable to the next flooding or other such disasters. Successful counterdisaster strategies need to take gender dimension into account and link crisis response and rehabilitation strategies to development initiatives. This would entail participation of women in counterdisaster plans and assuring the economic well-being of rural women.

Projections of future land use changes: Multiple scenarios-based impacts analysis on ecosystem services for Wuhan city, China

Optimal Land Use Management for Soil Erosion Control by Using an Interval-Parameter Fuzzy Two-Stage Stochastic Programming Approach

The main aims of the article is the research areas of optimization of land use and land protection of agricultural landscapes. According to this in the article analysis of the degradation processes in agricultural landscapes, development of land management projects as a tool for optimization of land use and protection of agricultural landscapes are discussed. Theoretical and methodological basis of research is dialectical theory of knowledge, the comprehensive, systematic approach to the study of foreign experience and national practice of investigated problems, use of general and special methods of basic laws and regulations of economic theory. Much attention is given to the negative phenomena of agricultural land use, including water erosion and formation the ways of economically efficient, ecologically safety and socially oriented land use. Studied the experience of foreign countries on the mechanism of land use and providing safety use in dangerous erosion agricultural landscapes. Caused by anthropogenic degradation processes in agricultural landscapes mainly due of the intensity of cultivation, use of erosion dangerous lands, breach of crop rotation, decrease area with grasses crop, unsystematic use of natural grasslands. Conscious of the needs to implementation control of erosion, land users don’t do it at once and quickly. Because economic activity while profits more than production costs or costs associated with the implementation of erosion control measures, including contour-reclamation organization of territory. However, in the future this approach could lead to economically efficient, socially and environmentally threatening and dangerous land use. Land has a number of features that distinguish it among other resources. Such as means of production and the subject of labor in agriculture and forestry, base of industries location, environmental and social regulator etc. Therefore, there is a need to preserve and improve the properties of the land for future generations. Providing an integrated approach to planning land use and protection, including protection of soil in the context of sustainable development is one of the basic key of "Agenda XXI", "Strategy for sustainable development of Ukraine - 2020" and "Sustainable development of Ukraine during 2016-2030". In the context of a new climate agreement established by Paris conference where marked action by conservation and increasing absorbent of greenhouse gases, an important role as a ground like controller carbon and nitrogen cycles. High capacity for carbon sequestration are degraded soils in the process of restoring their properties. Potential of soil for absorption and retention of carbon can be increased by soil-reproduction techniques, including erosion control measures. Land management is quite a tool that has evolved to a multi-role that should provide a basis for decision-making in all areas related with land and land use. Therefore, development and implementation of land management projects of land use and protection can be and should be the basis for the implementation of safety land use in dangerous erosion agricultural landscapes. These projects will provide slowing and stopping anthropogenically accelerated erosion processes from one hand, and ensure efficient economic activity from other. Land management projects should include land zoning for allotment of eco-technology groups of arable land, according to which a decision on further land use and development of agricultural landscapes and placing shelterbelts, which should be an essential component of landscapes. Therefore, for safety land use in dangerous erosion agricultural landscapes consider the following: the differential use of agricultural land depending of soil cover and relief; observance of safe slope drainage of runoff; meadow slopes along drainage channels; shelterbelts placement systems for water and wind regulatory. Keywords: land use, agricultural landscapes, land degradation, erosion, land management, protection of soil.

Determinants of Land Use Change in South-West Region of Bangladesh

Roof top agro-voltaic system (RAVs) offer a sustainable solution to urbanization, energy demand, and food security challenges by integrating photovoltaic (PV) panels with Roof top farming. These systems optimize land use, particularly in urbanizing countries like India, where they can support renewable energy goals and enhance urban food production. This review highlights the evolution, technical aspects, and benefits of RAVs, including energy production, improved agricultural yields, and environmental conservation. Studies show that PV panels can generate 20-25% of a building’s energy needs while reducing Roof top temperatures by up to 5°C, contributing to energy efficiency. Crops grown under PV panels often experience stable microclimatic conditions, leading to a 10-15% increase in water use efficiency. In India pilot projects have demonstrated the dual benefits of solar energy generation and urban farming, creating income opportunities and reducing the carbon footprint. However, challenges such as efficiency trade-offs, financial constraints and regulatory gaps limit widespread adoption. Global case studies, including examples from India, showcase the success of emerging technologies like bifacial panels and AI-driven crop management, achieving up to 30% higher energy generation and improved crop quality. Roof top agro-voltaic system represent a transformative approach to sustainable urban development, offering measurable outcomes in energy, agriculture and environmental sustainability, making them a critical solution for future urban ecosystems.

In the paper all the main positive and negative factors in particular the rational use and protection of land are analyzed. The system of common environmental criteria optimization of land use in terms of radiation contamination is presented. The order and sequence of application of common environmental criteria of optimal land use in terms of radiation contamination are determined. Rational use and protection of land large scientific-technical, social, economic, and environmental issue of our time, the solution of which depends achieve both economic and social goals of our society. This is primarily due to the exceptional role of land in the production of wealth, constraint, and the inability to replace land resources and anthropogenic environmental changes in large areas, causing activation of soil erosion, creating man-made landscapes, flooding, and flooding large areas of land pollution products and waste industrial production, radionuclides, chemicals. The feature of the land is also not the same quality and fertility of different plots, property continuously improved when used properly. The Chernobyl disaster a substantial part of the territory of Ukraine dangerous radiation situation, about 20% of the long term are the basis for the manifestation of small doses of radiation is created. This necessitates the analysis of areas of land for their suitability for agricultural production. Significant impact on agricultural production in many regions of Ukraine were consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. Thus, about 20% of Ukraine have a long-term basis for the display of small doses of radiation. Research methods of organizational systems, environmental, economic, and technological measures to ensure stable functioning of agro-ecosystems based radiation factor is carried out. In research still missing environmental and economic analysis of the relationship between the efficiency of land use and economic-economic factors, but some parts of this communication were studied in various aspects of individual experts (both soil scientists, surveyors, and economists). However, some previously developed land and security measures are based only on the results of fragmentary (in key areas) and the component (mostly soil and geo-botanical) studies. This approach to basic research in the field of sustainable land use, particularly in terms of radiation contamination, does not sound scientific foundations placement agricultural and industrial production, study land protection measures, is not conducive to the stability of the environment. Analyzing the system of generally defined environmental criteria optimization of land use should be noted that they are essential and should be used in the analysis of land use in terms of radiation contamination. It should only determine the order and sequence of their calculation. This will create a coherent methodology for optimizing land use in terms of radiation contamination. The order of calculation of main criteria defined on the PC provides: - Calculation of radionuclide transfer from soil to plants, taking into account the density of pollution. - Determination of eligibility agro-industrial groups of soils for growing crops, depending on the density of pollution. - Determining the fate of contamination of agricultural products relative to the control level, depending on the density of pollution. - Calculation washout of soils. A definite order and sequence of generally defined environmental criteria the optimum use of land in terms of radiation contamination allows to analyze the status of land use and recommendations for further land use. Methodological foundations are based on the current economic and mathematical methods and the use of electronic computer engineering, advanced research in the field of radiology, ecology, land use and so on. Key words: optimization, radiation pollution, land use, land protection, general environmental criteria.

Optimization of land use structure and spatial pattern for the semi-arid loess hilly–gully region in China

Combining solar photovoltaic panels and food crops for optimising land use: Towards new agrivoltaic schemes

Application of genetic algorithm to land use optimization for non-point source pollution control based on CLUE-S and SWAT